internal fun inet6AddressToAscii(address: ByteArray): String {
  // Go through the address looking for the longest run of 0s. Each group is 2-bytes.
  // A run must be longer than one group (section 4.2.2).
  // If there are multiple equal runs, the first one must be used (section 4.2.3).
  var longestRunOffset = -1
  var longestRunLength = 0
  run {
    var i = 0
    while (i < address.size) {
      val currentRunOffset = i

            thread.setDaemon( true );
            thread.start();
        }
    }
    void tryClose() {
        synchronized( LOCK ) {

            /* Yes, there is the potential to drop packets
             * because we might close the socket during a
             * request. However the chances are slim and the
             * retry code should ensure the overall request

import okio.IOException

/** Returns true if a TLS connection should be retried after [e]. */
fun retryTlsHandshake(e: IOException): Boolean {
  return when {
    // If there was a protocol problem, don't recover.
    e is ProtocolException -> false

    // If there was an interruption or timeout (SocketTimeoutException), don't recover.
    // For the socket connect timeout case we do not try the same host with a different

 * implementing {@code Map}, the additional type-safe operations {@link #putInstance} and {@link
 * #getInstance} are available.
 *
 * <p>Generally, implementations don't support {@link #put} and {@link #putAll} because there is no
 * way to check an object at runtime to be an instance of a {@link TypeToken}. Instead, caller
 * should use the type safe {@link #putInstance}.
 *

 * implementing {@code Map}, the additional type-safe operations {@link #putInstance} and {@link
 * #getInstance} are available.
 *
 * <p>Generally, implementations don't support {@link #put} and {@link #putAll} because there is no
 * way to check an object at runtime to be an instance of a {@link TypeToken}. Instead, caller
 * should use the type safe {@link #putInstance}.
 *

	// Otherwise same set of buckets get scanned across erasure sets always.
	// at any given point in time. This allows different buckets to be scanned
	// in different order per erasure set, this wider spread is needed when
	// there are lots of buckets with different order of objects in them.
	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
	permutes := r.Perm(len(buckets))
	// Add new buckets first
	for _, idx := range permutes {

			// if the config param was found.
			val, _, _ := s.ResolveConfigParam(config.IdentityOpenIDSubSys, cfgName, cfgParam, false)
			return val
		}

		// In the past, when only one openID provider was allowed, there
		// was no `enable` parameter - the configuration is turned off
		// by clearing the values. With multiple providers, we support
		// individually enabling/disabling provider configurations. If

		t.Errorf("unexpected crc, compress and uncompressed size to be 0 was: %v", b[14:26])
	}

	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(sig[:], uint32(dataDescriptorSignature))
	if bytes.Contains(b, sig[:]) {
		t.Error("there should be no data descriptor")
	}
}

func TestWriterCopy(t *testing.T) {
	// make a zip file
	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
	w := NewWriter(buf)
	for _, wt := range writeTests {
		testCreate(t, w, &wt)

app = FastAPI()


class InternalError(Exception):
    pass


def get_username():
    try:
        yield "Rick"
    except InternalError:
        print("We don't swallow the internal error here, we raise again 😎")
        raise


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def get_item(item_id: str, username: Annotated[str, Depends(get_username)]):
    if item_id == "portal-gun":
        raise InternalError(

**FastAPI** wouldn't exist if not for the previous work of others.

There have been many tools created before that have helped inspire its creation.

I have been avoiding the creation of a new framework for several years. First I tried to solve all the features covered by **FastAPI** using many different frameworks, plug-ins, and tools.