这些安全方案在使用 OAuth2 时，还可以声明和使用作用域。

**作用域**只是（不带空格的）字符串。

常用于声明特定安全权限，例如：

* 常见用例为，`users:read` 或 `users:write`
* 脸书和 Instagram 使用 `instagram_basic`
* 谷歌使用 `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive`

/// info | 说明

OAuth2 中，**作用域**只是声明特定权限的字符串。

是否使用冒号 `:` 等符号，或是不是 URL 并不重要。

这些细节只是特定的实现方式。

对 OAuth2 来说，它们都只是字符串而已。

///

## 全局纵览

## Return the same input data { #return-the-same-input-data }

Here we are declaring a `UserIn` model, it will contain a plaintext password:

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002_py310.py hl[7,9] *}

/// info

To use `EmailStr`, first install <a href="https://github.com/JoshData/python-email-validator" class="external-link" target="_blank">`email-validator`</a>.

### Executar o App { #run-the-app }

Você pode executar o app:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ fastapi dev main.py

<span style="color: green;">INFO</span>:     Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
```

</div>

<div class="termy">

```console
// Go to the home directory
$ cd
// Create a directory for all your code projects
$ mkdir code
// Enter into that code directory
$ cd code
// Create a directory for this project
$ mkdir awesome-project
// Enter into that project directory
$ cd awesome-project
```

</div>

## Create a Virtual Environment { #create-a-virtual-environment }

# 1 second intervals between attempts $MC_COMMAND ; STATUS=$? ; done ; set -e ; # reset `e` as active return 0 } # checkPolicyExists ($policy) # Check if the policy exists, by using the exit code of `mc admin policy info` checkPolicyExists() { POLICY=$1 CMD=$(${MC} admin policy info myminio $POLICY > /dev/null 2>&1) return $? } # createPolicy($name, $filename) createPolicy () { NAME=$1 FILENAME=$2 # Create the name if it does not exist echo "Checking policy: $NAME (in /config/$FILENAME.json)" if...

# 1 second intervals between attempts $MC_COMMAND ; STATUS=$? ; done ; set -e ; # reset `e` as active return 0 } # checkPolicyExists ($policy) # Check if the policy exists, by using the exit code of `mc admin policy info` checkPolicyExists() { POLICY=$1 CMD=$(${MC} admin policy info myminio $POLICY > /dev/null 2>&1) return $? } # createPolicy($name, $filename) createPolicy () { NAME=$1 FILENAME=$2 # Create the name if it does not exist echo "Checking policy: $NAME (in /config/$FILENAME.json)" if...

<div class="termy">

```console
$ pip install pyjwt

---> 100%
```

</div>

/// info | Informação

Se você pretente utilizar algoritmos de assinatura digital como o RSA ou o ECDSA, você deve instalar a dependência da biblioteca de criptografia `pyjwt[crypto]`.

second_user_data = {
    "id": 4,
    "name": "Mary",
    "joined": "2018-11-30",
}

my_second_user: User = User(**second_user_data)
```


/// info

`**second_user_data` 意思是:

直接将`second_user_data`字典的键和值直接作为key-value参数传递，等同于：`User(id=4, name="Mary", joined="2018-11-30")`

///

### 编辑器支持

整个框架都被设计得易于使用且直观，所有的决定都在开发之前就在多个编辑器上进行了测试，来确保最佳的开发体验。

You and your crush eat the burgers and have a nice time. ✨

<img src="/img/async/concurrent-burgers/concurrent-burgers-07.png" class="illustration">

/// info

Beautiful illustrations by <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ketrinadrawsalot" class="external-link" target="_blank">Ketrina Thompson</a>. 🎨

///

---

# 1 second intervals between attempts $MC_COMMAND ; STATUS=$? ; done ; set -e ; # reset `e` as active return 0 } # checkPolicyExists ($policy) # Check if the policy exists, by using the exit code of `mc admin policy info` checkPolicyExists() { POLICY=$1 CMD=$(${MC} admin policy info myminio $POLICY > /dev/null 2>&1) return $? } # createPolicy($name, $filename) createPolicy () { NAME=$1 FILENAME=$2 # Create the name if it does not exist echo "Checking policy: $NAME (in /config/$FILENAME.json)" if...