}
    this.safeMin = safeMin;
    this.safeMax = safeMax;

    // This is a bit of a hack but lets us do quicker per-character checks in
    // the fast path code. The safe min/max values are very unlikely to extend
    // into the range of surrogate characters, but if they do we must not test
    // any values in that range. To see why, consider the case where:
    // safeMin <= {hi,lo} <= safeMax

      if (spinCount > MAX_BUSY_WAIT_SPINS) {
        /*
         * If we have spun a lot, just park ourselves. This will save CPU while we wait for a slow
         * interrupting thread. In theory, interruptTask() should be very fast, but due to
         * InterruptibleChannel and JavaLangAccess.blockedOn(Thread, Interruptible), it isn't
         * predictable what work might be done. (e.g., close a file and flush buffers to disk). To

                exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withLongUrls() {
        // Test with very long URLs
        StringBuilder longParentUrl = new StringBuilder("http://example.com/");
        StringBuilder longUrl = new StringBuilder("http://example.com/");
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {

        final int r = 32;
        final byte[] suffix = new byte[label.length + context.length + 5];
        // per bouncycastle
        // <li>1: K(i) := PRF( KI, [i]_2 || Label || 0x00 || Context || [L]_2 ) with the counter at the very beginning
        // of the fixedInputData (The default implementation has this format)</li>
        // with the parameters
        // <li>1. KDFCounterParameters(ki, null, "Label || 0x00 || Context || [L]_2]", 8);

{!../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/main.py!}
```

and it will work correctly, together with all the other *path operations* added with `app.include_router()`.

/// info | Very Technical Details

**Note**: this is a very technical detail that you probably can **just skip**.

---

The `APIRouter`s are not "mounted", they are not isolated from the rest of the application.

    // in the opposite order from how they were added so we need to reverse the list to fulfill our
    // contract.
    // This is somewhat annoying, but turns out to be very fast in practice. Alternatively, we could
    // drop the contract on the method that enforces this queue like behavior since depending on it
    // is likely to be a bug anyway.

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test automatic cleanup of old resources")
    @Timeout(value = 5, unit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
    void testAutomaticCleanup() throws InterruptedException {
        // Configure with very short max age for testing
        resourceManager.configure(100, 50, true, true);

        TestResource resource = new TestResource("old");
        resourceManager.registerResource(resource);

        assertTrue(withNPE.getCause() instanceof NullPointerException);
        assertTrue(withCustom.getCause() instanceof FessSystemException);
    }

    public void test_getLongMessage() {
        // Test with very long message
        StringBuilder longMessage = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            longMessage.append("Error ").append(i).append(" ");
        }

But this guide shows you, more or less, how they are intended to be used.

///

### Using Pydantic's `exclude_unset` parameter { #using-pydantics-exclude-unset-parameter }

If you want to receive partial updates, it's very useful to use the parameter `exclude_unset` in Pydantic's model's `.model_dump()`.

Like `item.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)`.

/// info

        Smb2LeaseKey key = leaseManager.requestLease(path, requestedState);
        assertNotNull(leaseManager.getLease(key));

        // Wait a bit and then cleanup with a very short expiration time
        Thread.sleep(10);
        int cleaned = leaseManager.cleanupExpiredLeases(1); // 1ms expiration

        assertEquals(1, cleaned);
        assertNull(leaseManager.getLease(key));
    }