}

  /**
   * @return an array of the proper size with {@code null} as the key of the middle element.
   */
  protected Entry<K, V>[] createArrayWithNullKey() {
    Entry<K, V>[] array = createSamplesArray();
    int nullKeyLocation = getNullLocation();
    Entry<K, V> oldEntry = array[nullKeyLocation];
    array[nullKeyLocation] = mapEntry(null, oldEntry.getValue());
    return array;
  }

  /**

   *
   * 2. `other[size] = null` is unsound. We could "fix" this by requiring callers to pass in an
   * array with a nullable element type. But probably they usually want an array with a non-nullable
   * type. That said, we could *accept* a `@Nullable T[]` (which, given that we treat arrays as
   * covariant, would still permit a plain `T[]`) and return a plain `T[]`. But of course that would

    } else {
      return new int[buckets];
    }
  }

  static void tableClear(Object table) {
    if (table instanceof byte[]) {
      Arrays.fill((byte[]) table, (byte) 0);
    } else if (table instanceof short[]) {
      Arrays.fill((short[]) table, (short) 0);
    } else {
      Arrays.fill((int[]) table, 0);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns {@code table[index]}, where {@code table} is actually a {@code byte[]}, {@code

        assertEquals("00FF7F80", result);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should handle large byte arrays efficiently")
    void testLargeByteArray() {
        // Create a larger test array
        byte[] data = createTestData(1024);

        // Test full array conversion
        String result = Hexdump.toHexString(data);
        assertEquals(2048, result.length()); // 1024 bytes * 2 chars

  }

  /** constructor creates array of given size with all elements zero */
  public void testConstructor() {
    AtomicDoubleArray aa = new AtomicDoubleArray(SIZE);
    for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
      assertBitEquals(0.0, aa.get(i));
    }
  }

  /** constructor with null array throws NPE */
  public void testConstructor2NPE() {
    double[] a = null;

  static <E extends @Nullable Object> Set<E> preservesInsertionOrderOnAddsSet() {
    return CompactHashSet.create();
  }

  /** Equivalent to Arrays.copyOfRange(source, from, to, arrayOfType.getClass()). */
  /*
   * Arrays are a mess from a nullness perspective, and Class instances for object-array types are
   * even worse. For now, we just suppress and move on with our lives.
   *
   * - https://github.com/jspecify/jspecify/issues/65
   *

  static <E extends @Nullable Object> Set<E> preservesInsertionOrderOnAddsSet() {
    return CompactHashSet.create();
  }

  /** Equivalent to Arrays.copyOfRange(source, from, to, arrayOfType.getClass()). */
  /*
   * Arrays are a mess from a nullness perspective, and Class instances for object-array types are
   * even worse. For now, we just suppress and move on with our lives.
   *
   * - https://github.com/jspecify/jspecify/issues/65
   *

  }

  /**
   * @return an array of the proper size with {@code null} as the key of the middle element.
   */
  protected Entry<K, V>[] createArrayWithNullKey() {
    Entry<K, V>[] array = createSamplesArray();
    int nullKeyLocation = getNullLocation();
    Entry<K, V> oldEntry = array[nullKeyLocation];
    array[nullKeyLocation] = mapEntry(null, oldEntry.getValue());
    return array;
  }

  /**

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should handle maximum size arrays")
        void testMaximumSizeArrays() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
            // Arrange
            int[] largeHashAlgos = new int[100];
            Arrays.fill(largeHashAlgos, PreauthIntegrityNegotiateContext.HASH_ALGO_SHA512);
            byte[] largeSalt = new byte[1024];
            Arrays.fill(largeSalt, (byte) 0xAB);

        assertArrayEquals(plaintext, decrypted1);
        assertArrayEquals(plaintext, decrypted2);

        // Clean up
        Arrays.fill(plaintext, '\0');
        Arrays.fill(decrypted1, '\0');
        Arrays.fill(decrypted2, '\0');
    }

    @Test
    public void testBase64StringOperations() throws Exception {
        char[] plaintext = "TestPassword456".toCharArray();