```Python hl_lines="2  12  15-18"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip | "Dica"

Observe que as funções de teste são `def` normais, não `async def`.

E as chamadas para o cliente também são chamadas normais, não usando `await`.

Isso permite que você use `pytest` diretamente sem complicações.

///

/// note | "Detalhes técnicos"

import org.junit.Assert
import org.junit.Test

/**
 * Simplified from
 * https://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-5.0.x/httpclient5/examples/AsyncClientTlsAlpn.java
 *
 * Mainly intended to verify behaviour of popular clients across Android versions, similar
 * to observing Firefox or Chrome browser behaviour.
 */
class ApacheHttpClientHttp2Test {
  @Test
  fun testHttp2() {
    val client = HttpAsyncClients.createHttp2Default()

// A cross-domain policy file is an XML document that grants a web client, such as Adobe Flash Player
// or Adobe Acrobat (though not necessarily limited to these), permission to handle data across domains.
// When clients request content hosted on a particular source domain and that content make requests
// directed towards a domain other than its own, the remote domain needs to host a cross-domain

Es gibt jedoch bestimmte Fälle, in denen es nützlich ist, auf das `Request`-Objekt zuzugreifen.

## Das `Request`-Objekt direkt verwenden

Angenommen, Sie möchten auf die IP-Adresse/den Host des Clients in Ihrer *Pfadoperation-Funktion* zugreifen.

Dazu müssen Sie direkt auf den Request zugreifen.

```Python hl_lines="1  7-8"
{!../../docs_src/using_request_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

 * Client and server exchange these certificates during the handshake phase of a TLS connection.
 *
 * ### Server Authentication
 *
 * This is the most common form of TLS authentication: clients verify that servers are trusted and
 * that they own the hostnames that they represent. Server authentication is required.
 *
 * To perform server authentication:
 *

import jcifs.smb1.smb1.SmbAuthException;
import jcifs.smb1.smb1.SmbSession;
import jcifs.smb1.util.Base64;
import jcifs.smb1.util.LogStream;

/**
 * This servlet Filter can be used to negotiate password hashes with
 * MSIE clients using NTLM SSP. This is similar to <tt>Authentication:
 * BASIC</tt> but weakly encrypted and without requiring the user to re-supply
 * authentication credentials.
 * <p>

/**
 * Java HTTP Client.
 *
 * https://openjdk.java.net/groups/net/httpclient/intro.html
 *
 * Baseline test if we ned to validate OkHttp behaviour against other popular clients.
 */
class JavaHttpClientTest {
  @JvmField @RegisterExtension
  val platform = PlatformRule()

  @Test fun get(server: MockWebServer) {
    // Not available
    platform.expectFailureOnJdkVersion(8)

Mas há situações específicas onde é útil utilizar o objeto `Request`.

## Utilize o objeto `Request` diretamente

Vamos imaginar que você deseja obter o endereço de IP/host do cliente dentro da sua *função de operação de rota*.

Para isso você precisa acessar a requisição diretamente.

```Python hl_lines="1  7-8"
{!../../docs_src/using_request_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

Então, por baixo dos panos, ele incluiria esses dados compatíveis com JSON (e.g. um `dict`) dentro de uma `JSONResponse` que é utilizada para enviar uma resposta para o cliente.

Mas você pode retornar a `JSONResponse` diretamente nas suas *operações de rota*.

Pode ser útil para retornar cabeçalhos e cookies personalizados, por exemplo.

## Retornando uma `Response`

    assertThat(original.networkInterceptors.size).isEqualTo(0)
  }

  /**
   * When copying the client, stateful things like the connection pool are shared across all
   * clients.
   */
  @Test fun cloneSharesStatefulInstances() {
    val client = clientTestRule.newClient()

    // Values should be non-null.
    val a = client.newBuilder().build()