當你需要在測試中執行 lifespan（生命週期）時，你可以使用 TestClient 並搭配 with 陳述式：

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial004_py310.py hl[9:15,18,27:28,30:32,41:43] *}

你可以閱讀更多細節：[在測試中執行 lifespan](https://www.starlette.dev/lifespan/#running-lifespan-in-tests)（Starlette 官方文件）。

對於已棄用的 `startup` 和 `shutdown` 事件，你可以這樣使用 TestClient：

from fastapi import FastAPI, UploadFile
from fastapi._compat import (
    Undefined,
    is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation,
)
from fastapi._compat.shared import is_bytes_sequence_annotation
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo


def test_model_field_default_required():
    from fastapi._compat import v2

    # For coverage

Fixed in PR: https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/pull/14884
"""

from typing import Annotated

import anyio
import pytest
from fastapi import FastAPI, File
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from starlette.datastructures import UploadFile as StarletteUploadFile


def test_list_bytes_file_preserves_order(
    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
) -> None:
    app = FastAPI()

import io
from pathlib import Path

import pytest
from fastapi import FastAPI, UploadFile
from fastapi.datastructures import Default
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient


def test_upload_file_invalid_pydantic_v2():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        UploadFile._validate("not a Starlette UploadFile", {})


def test_default_placeholder_equals():
    placeholder_1 = Default("a")
    placeholder_2 = Default("a")

테스트에서 `lifespan`을 실행해야 하는 경우, `with` 문과 함께 `TestClient`를 사용할 수 있습니다:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial004_py310.py hl[9:15,18,27:28,30:32,41:43] *}


["공식 Starlette 문서 사이트에서 테스트에서 라이프스팬 실행하기."](https://www.starlette.dev/lifespan/#running-lifespan-in-tests)에 대한 자세한 내용을 더 읽을 수 있습니다.

더 이상 권장되지 않는 `startup` 및 `shutdown` 이벤트의 경우, 다음과 같이 `TestClient`를 사용할 수 있습니다:

import json
from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI, Form, Header, Query
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import Json

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/form-json-list")
def form_json_list(items: Annotated[Json[list[str]], Form()]) -> list[str]:
    return items


@app.get("/query-json-list")
def query_json_list(items: Annotated[Json[list[str]], Query()]) -> list[str]:
    return items

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot

app = FastAPI()

security = HTTPBase(scheme="Other")


@app.get("/users/me")
def read_current_user(credentials: HTTPAuthorizationCredentials = Security(security)):
    return {"scheme": credentials.scheme, "credentials": credentials.credentials}


client = TestClient(app)


def test_security_http_base():

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Security
from fastapi.security import APIKeyQuery
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

api_key = APIKeyQuery(name="key", description="API Key Query")


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str


def get_current_user(oauth_header: str = Security(api_key)):
    user = User(username=oauth_header)

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from inline_snapshot import snapshot

app = FastAPI()

security = HTTPDigest()


@app.get("/users/me")
def read_current_user(credentials: HTTPAuthorizationCredentials = Security(security)):
    return {"scheme": credentials.scheme, "credentials": credentials.credentials}


client = TestClient(app)


def test_security_http_digest():

from contextlib import contextmanager
from typing import Annotated, Any

import pytest
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.responses import StreamingResponse
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient


class Session:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self.data = ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
        self.open = True

    def __iter__(self) -> Generator[str, None, None]: