Der Vorteil des Auslösens einer Exception gegenüber dem Zurückgeben eines Wertes wird im Abschnitt über Abhängigkeiten und Sicherheit deutlicher werden.

In diesem Beispiel lösen wir eine Exception mit einem Statuscode von `404` aus, wenn der Client einen Artikel mit einer nicht existierenden ID anfordert:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python
q: Annotated[str | None] = None
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python
q: Annotated[Union[str, None]] = None
```

////

Ambas as versões significam a mesma coisa, `q` é um parâmetro que pode ser `str` ou `None`, e por padrão é `None`.

Agora vamos pular para a parte divertida. 🎉

          ImmutableList.of(2, 3),
          ImmutableList.of(1, 2),
          ImmutableList.of(3, 5),
          ImmutableList.of(2, 4),
          ImmutableList.of(1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9));

  /*
   * We have a whole series of abstract test classes that "stack", so e.g. the tests for filtered
   * NavigableSets inherit the tests for filtered Iterables, Collections, Sets, and SortedSets. The
   * actual implementation tests are further down.
   */

   * Object)} are even more convenient.
   *
   * <p>Builder instances can be reused - it is safe to call {@link #buildOrThrow} multiple times to
   * build multiple tables in series. Each table is a superset of the tables created before it.
   *
   * @since 11.0
   */
  @DoNotMock
  public static final class Builder<R, C, V> {
    private final List<Cell<R, C, V>> cells = new ArrayList<>();

   | server for that repository.
   |-->
  <mirrors>
    <!-- mirror
     | Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
     | this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
     | for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
     |
    <mirror>
      <id>mirrorId</id>

   * it is returned directly. Otherwise, a new array of size {@code minLength + padding} is
   * returned, containing the values of {@code array}, and zeroes in the remaining places.
   *
   * @param array the source array
   * @param minLength the minimum length the returned array must guarantee
   * @param padding an extra amount to "grow" the array by if growth is necessary

   * it is returned directly. Otherwise, a new array of size {@code minLength + padding} is
   * returned, containing the values of {@code array}, and zeroes in the remaining places.
   *
   * @param array the source array
   * @param minLength the minimum length the returned array must guarantee
   * @param padding an extra amount to "grow" the array by if growth is necessary

   * it is returned directly. Otherwise, a new array of size {@code minLength + padding} is
   * returned, containing the values of {@code array}, and zeroes in the remaining places.
   *
   * @param array the source array
   * @param minLength the minimum length the returned array must guarantee
   * @param padding an extra amount to "grow" the array by if growth is necessary

A forma mais comum de fazer isso é ter um arquivo `requirements.txt` com os nomes dos pacotes e suas versões, um por linha.

Você, naturalmente, usaria as mesmas ideias que você leu em [Sobre versões do FastAPI](versions.md){.internal-link target=_blank} para definir os intervalos de versões.

Por exemplo, seu `requirements.txt` poderia parecer com:

```
fastapi[standard]>=0.113.0,<0.114.0

   * AtomicInteger's atomic operations, with some help from ConcurrentMap's atomic operations on
   * creation and removal (including automatic removal of zeroes). If the modification of an
   * AtomicInteger results in zero, we compareAndSet the value to zero; if that succeeds, we remove
   * the entry from the Map. If another operation sees a zero in the map, it knows that the entry is