var conds []clause.Expression
			for _, primaryField := range db.Statement.Schema.PrimaryFields {
				if v, isZero := primaryField.ValueOf(db.Statement.Context, db.Statement.ReflectValue); !isZero {
					conds = append(conds, clause.Eq{Column: clause.Column{Table: db.Statement.Table, Name: primaryField.DBName}, Value: v})
				}
			}

			if len(conds) > 0 {

				if len(onConflict.DoUpdates) == 0 {
					onConflict.DoNothing = true
				}

				// use primary fields as default OnConflict columns
				if len(onConflict.Columns) == 0 {
					for _, field := range stmt.Schema.PrimaryFields {
						onConflict.Columns = append(onConflict.Columns, clause.Column{Name: field.DBName})
					}
				}
				stmt.AddClause(onConflict)
			}
		}
	}

	return values

		}
		tx = tx.callbacks.Create().Execute(tx.Set("gorm:update_track_time", true))
	case reflect.Struct:
		if err := tx.Statement.Parse(value); err == nil && tx.Statement.Schema != nil {
			for _, pf := range tx.Statement.Schema.PrimaryFields {
				if _, isZero := pf.ValueOf(tx.Statement.Context, reflectValue); isZero {
					return tx.callbacks.Create().Execute(tx)
				}
			}
		}

		fallthrough
	default: