This Source Code Form is subject to the
      terms of the Mozilla Public License, v.
      2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not
      distributed with this file, You can
      obtain one at
      http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.

If it is not possible or desirable to put the notice in a particular file, then
You may include the notice in a location (such as a LICENSE file in a relevant

Exhibit A - Source Code Form License Notice

      This Source Code Form is subject to the
      terms of the Mozilla Public License, v.
      2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not
      distributed with this file, You can
      obtain one at
      http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.

If it is not possible or desirable to put the notice in a particular file,
then You may include the notice in a location (such as a LICENSE file in a

Vous la mettez au dessus d'une fonction. Comme un joli chapeau décoratif (j'imagine que ce terme vient de là 🤷🏻‍♂).

Un "décorateur" prend la fonction en dessous et en fait quelque chose.

Dans notre cas, ce décorateur dit à **FastAPI** que la fonction en dessous correspond au **chemin** `/` avec l'**opération** `get`.

C'est le "**décorateur d'opération de chemin**".

///

      This Source Code Form is subject to the
      terms of the Mozilla Public License, v.
      2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not
      distributed with this file, You can
      obtain one at
      http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.

If it is not possible or desirable to put the notice in a particular file, then
You may include the notice in a location (such as a LICENSE file in a relevant

      This Source Code Form is subject to the
      terms of the Mozilla Public License, v.
      2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not
      distributed with this file, You can
      obtain one at
      http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.

If it is not possible or desirable to put the notice in a particular file, then
You may include the notice in a location (such as a LICENSE file in a relevant

```Python hl_lines="19-24  28"
{!../../docs_src/additional_responses/tutorial002.py!}
```

/// note

Notice that you have to return the image using a `FileResponse` directly.

///

/// info

```Python hl_lines="2  12  15-18"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip

Notice that the testing functions are normal `def`, not `async def`.

And the calls to the client are also normal calls, not using `await`.

This allows you to use `pytest` directly without complications.

///

/// note | "Technical Details"

You could also use `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`.

<img src="/img/tutorial/security/image10.png">

/// note

Notice the header `Authorization`, with a value that starts with `Bearer `.

///

## Advanced usage with `scopes`

OAuth2 has the notion of "scopes".

```

////

/// tip

You can actually use this same technique with an HTTP `PUT` operation.

But the example here uses `PATCH` because it was created for these use cases.

///

/// note

Notice that the input model is still validated.

So, if you want to receive partial updates that can omit all the attributes, you need to have a model with all the attributes marked as optional (with default values or `None`).

```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="10"
{!> ../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial002_an.py!}
```

////

Notice that the default value is still `None`, so the parameter is still optional.