In der Dokumentation für ASGI-Middlewares von Drittanbietern wird Ihnen wahrscheinlich gesagt, dass Sie etwa Folgendes tun sollen:

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

    } else {
      // Unable to report via CloseGuard. As a last-ditch effort, send it to the logger.
      super.logCloseableLeak(message, stackTrace)
    }
  }

  @SuppressLint("NewApi")
  override fun isCleartextTrafficPermitted(hostname: String): Boolean =
    NetworkSecurityPolicy.getInstance().isCleartextTrafficPermitted(hostname)

Entonces, en la documentación de middlewares ASGI de terceros probablemente te indicarán que hagas algo como:

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

Поэтому в документации к сторонним ASGI middleware, скорее всего, вы увидите что‑то вроде:

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

So, in the documentation for third-party ASGI middlewares they will probably tell you to do something like:

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

But FastAPI (actually Starlette) provides a simpler way to do it that makes sure that the internal middlewares handle server errors and custom exception handlers work properly.

Então, na documentação de middlewares ASGI de terceiros, eles provavelmente dirão para você fazer algo como:

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

中间件不必是专为 FastAPI 或 Starlette 定制的，只要遵循 ASGI 规范即可。

总之，ASGI 中间件是类，并把 ASGI 应用作为第一个参数。

因此，有些第三方 ASGI 中间件的文档推荐以如下方式使用中间件：

```Python
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = SomeASGIApp()

new_app = UnicornMiddleware(app, some_config="rainbow")
```

但 FastAPI（实际上是 Starlette）提供了一种更简单的方式，能让内部中间件在处理服务器错误的同时，还能让自定义异常处理器正常运作。

为此，要使用 `app.add_middleware()` （与 CORS 中的示例一样）。

```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI

   *
   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs while opening the stream
   * @since 33.4.0 (but since 22.0 in the JRE flavor)
   */
  @MustBeClosed
  // If users use this when they shouldn't, we hope that NewApi will catch subsequent Stream calls.
  @IgnoreJRERequirement
  public Stream<String> lines() throws IOException {
    BufferedReader reader = openBufferedStream();

       * logic in the static initializer, which does not check for getTypeName specifically. We
       * should really validate that it works as desired for all Android versions that we support.
       */
      @SuppressWarnings("NewApi")
      @Override
      String typeName(Type type) {
        return type.getTypeName();
      }
    },
    JAVA9 {
      @Override
      Type newArrayType(Type componentType) {

    "AmbiguousMethodReference", // We chose the name despite knowing this risk.
    "NullableOptional", // Null passthrough is reasonable for type conversions
  })
  // If users use this when they shouldn't, we hope that NewApi will catch subsequent Optional calls
  @IgnoreJRERequirement
  public static <T> java.util.@Nullable Optional<T> toJavaUtil(
      @Nullable Optional<T> googleOptional) {