assertNotNull(cryptographer);

        String plainText = "Hello, World!";
        String encrypted = cryptographer.encrypt(plainText);
        assertNotNull(encrypted);
        assertFalse(plainText.equals(encrypted));

        String decrypted = cryptographer.decrypt(encrypted);
        assertEquals(plainText, decrypted);
    }

    public void test_invertibleCryptography_withEmptyString() {

            byte[] decryptedData = createDecryptedDataBytes(USER_PRINCIPAL_NAME, USER_REALM);
            mockedEncData.when(() -> KerberosEncData.decrypt(ENCRYPTED_DATA, kerberosKey, ENCRYPTION_TYPE)).thenReturn(decryptedData);
            when(kerberosKey.getKeyType()).thenReturn(ENCRYPTION_TYPE);

            KerberosTicket ticket = new KerberosTicket(validToken, (byte) 0, keys);

                "Should throw IllegalArgumentException for null message");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should successfully encrypt and decrypt with refactored methods")
    void testRefactoredEncryptionDecryption() throws Exception {
        // Given - Use same key for both encryption and decryption in test

* Nginx
* HAProxy

## Let's Encrypt { #lets-encrypt }

Before Let's Encrypt, these **HTTPS certificates** were sold by trusted third parties.

The process to acquire one of these certificates used to be cumbersome, require quite some paperwork and the certificates were quite expensive.

But then **<a href="https://letsencrypt.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Let's Encrypt</a>** was created.

                        if (id.equalsIgnoreCase(server.getId())) {
                            SettingsDecryptionResult result =
                                    settingsDecrypter.decrypt(new DefaultSettingsDecryptionRequest(server));
                            server = result.getServer();

                            AuthenticationInfo authInfo = new AuthenticationInfo();

                    throw new PACDecodingException("Kerberos key not found for eType " + encType.getValue());
                }

                try {
                    byte[] decrypted = KerberosEncData.decrypt(crypt, serverKey, serverKey.getKeyType());
                    this.encData = new KerberosEncData(decrypted, keysByAlgo);
                } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {

```

> You can choose an arbitrary name for the key - instead of `my-minio-key`.
> Please note that losing the `MINIO_KMS_SECRET_KEY` will cause data loss
> since you will not be able to decrypt the IAM/configuration data anymore.
For distributed MinIO deployments, specify the *same* `MINIO_KMS_SECRET_KEY` for each MinIO server process.

At any point in time you can switch from `MINIO_KMS_SECRET_KEY` to a full KMS

			return
		}
		writeSuccessResponseJSON(w, resp)
		return
	}

	// 2. Verify that we can indeed decrypt the (encrypted) key
	decryptedKey, err := GlobalKMS.Decrypt(ctx, &kms.DecryptRequest{
		Name:           key.KeyID,
		Ciphertext:     key.Ciphertext,
		AssociatedData: kmsContext,
	})
	if err != nil {
		response.DecryptionErr = err.Error()

            if (plaintextBytes != null) {
                SecureKeyManager.secureWipe(plaintextBytes);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Encrypt credentials to a base64 string for storage
     *
     * @param plaintext the credentials to encrypt
     * @return base64 encoded encrypted credentials
     * @throws GeneralSecurityException if encryption fails
     */

	_, err = sio.Encrypt(outbuf, bytes.NewBuffer(input), sio.Config{Key: objectKey[:], MinVersion: sio.Version20})
	if err != nil {
		return output, metabytes, err
	}
	metabytes, err = json.Marshal(metadata)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	return outbuf.Bytes(), metabytes, nil
}

// decrypt bucket metadata if kms is configured.