Arrays.fill(buffer2, (byte) 0x22);

            // First decode
            response.decode(buffer1, 0, 50);
            byte[] data1 = response.getData();

            // Second decode should overwrite
            response.decode(buffer2, 10, 60);
            byte[] data2 = response.getData();

            // Verify second decode overwrote first
            assertEquals(60, data2.length);

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test decode with minimum valid length")
    void testDecodeMinimumValidLength() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
        // Prepare minimum valid buffer - exactly 24 bytes
        byte[] buffer = new byte[28];
        Arrays.fill(buffer, 0, 24, (byte) 0xAA);

        // Decode with len = 24 (minimum valid)
        int bytesConsumed = response.decode(buffer, 0, 24);

    }

    @ParameterizedTest(name = "decode({1}) -> {2}")
    @MethodSource("decodeProvider")
    void testDecode(String encoded, byte[] expected) {
        // Act
        byte[] actual = Base64.decode(encoded);
        // Assert
        assertArrayEquals(expected, actual, "Base64.decode should return original bytes");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("encode should throw NPE on null input")
    void testEncodeNull() {

        FileBasicInfo decoded = new FileBasicInfo();
        int decodedBytes = decoded.decode(buffer, 0, 36);

        // Verify encoding/decoding
        assertEquals(40, encodedBytes); // encode writes 40 bytes (includes padding)
        assertEquals(36, decodedBytes); // decode reads 36 bytes (no padding)
        assertEquals(original.getCreateTime(), decoded.getCreateTime());

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test decode with valid single entry")
    void testDecodeValidSingleEntry() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
        String fileName = "document.pdf";
        int action = FileNotifyInformation.FILE_ACTION_MODIFIED;
        byte[] buffer = createValidNotificationBuffer(fileName, action);

        int bytesRead = notifyInfo.decode(buffer, 0, buffer.length);

        assertTrue(bytesRead > 0);

        }
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Decode Tests")
    class DecodeTests {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should decode valid copy chunk response")
        void testDecodeValidResponse() throws SMBProtocolDecodingException {
            byte[] buffer = createValidCopyChunkResponse(5, 65536, 327680);

            int bytesDecoded = response.decode(buffer, 0, buffer.length);

  }

  @Test fun `cannot decode malformed utc time`() {
    val bytes = "170d3139313231362333303231305a".decodeHex()
    assertFailsWith<ProtocolException> {
      Adapters.UTC_TIME.fromDer(bytes)
    }.also { expected ->
      assertThat(expected).hasMessage("Failed to parse UTCTime 191216#30210Z")
    }
  }

  @Test fun `cannot decode generalized time with offset`() {

        // Encode to buffer
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        NdrBuffer encodeBuffer = new NdrBuffer(buffer, 0);
        domainInfo.encode(encodeBuffer);

        // Decode from buffer
        NdrBuffer decodeBuffer = new NdrBuffer(buffer, 0);
        lsarpc.LsarDomainInfo decodedInfo = new lsarpc.LsarDomainInfo();
        decodedInfo.decode(decodeBuffer);

        // Simulate info pointer (non-null)
        dstOut.enc_ndr_long(1); // Non-null pointer for info
        info.encode(dstOut); // Encode the info structure

        // Simulate totalentries pointer (non-null)
        dstOut.enc_ndr_long(1); // Non-null pointer for totalentries
        totalentries.encode(dstOut); // Encode the totalentries

        dstOut.enc_ndr_long(0); // Simulate retval

            EncryptionNegotiateContext decodedContext = new EncryptionNegotiateContext();
            int decoded = decodedContext.decode(buffer, 0, encoded);

            assertEquals(encoded, decoded);
            assertArrayEquals(originalCiphers, decodedContext.getCiphers());
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should encode and decode correctly with null ciphers")