response = client.post("/uploadfile/", files={"file": file})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"filename": "test.txt"}


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",

client = TestClient(app)


def test_redirect_status_code():
    response = client.get("/pydantic", follow_redirects=False)
    assert response.status_code == 302
    assert response.headers["location"] == "https://docs.pydantic.dev/"


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",

✋️ 🔜 👆 💭 ❔ ⚫️ 👷, 👆 💪 ⚙️ ⚖ 🗄 👆 👍 📱 🙅‍♂ 🤔 ❔ 🏗 👫. 👶

### 🚮 🛃 `tags`, `responses`, & `dependencies`

👥 🚫 ❎ 🔡 `/items` 🚫 `tags=["items"]` 🔠 *➡ 🛠️* ↩️ 👥 🚮 👫 `APIRouter`.

✋️ 👥 💪 🚮 _🌅_ `tags` 👈 🔜 ✔ 🎯 *➡ 🛠️*, & ➕ `responses` 🎯 👈 *➡ 🛠️*:

```Python hl_lines="30-31" title="app/routers/items.py"
{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/routers/items.py!}

          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "expression"

### Add some custom `tags`, `responses`, and `dependencies`

We are not adding the prefix `/items` nor the `tags=["items"]` to each *path operation* because we added them to the `APIRouter`.

But we can still add _more_ `tags` that will be applied to a specific *path operation*, and also some extra `responses` specific to that *path operation*:

		"If true, Pilot will cache XDS responses.").Get()

	// EnableCDSCaching determines if CDS caching is enabled. This is explicitly split out of ENABLE_XDS_CACHE,
	// so that in case there are issues with the CDS cache we can just disable the CDS cache.
	EnableCDSCaching = env.Register("PILOT_ENABLE_CDS_CACHE", true,
		"If true, Pilot will cache CDS responses. Note: this depends on PILOT_ENABLE_XDS_CACHE.").Get()

{"message": "Oops! yolo did something. There goes a rainbow..."}

```

!!! note "技术细节"

    `from starlette.requests import Request` 和 `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse` 也可以用于导入 `Request` 和 `JSONResponse`。

    **FastAPI** 提供了与 `starlette.responses` 相同的 `fastapi.responses` 作为快捷方式，但大部分响应操作都可以直接从 Starlette 导入。同理，`Request` 也是如此。


## 覆盖默认异常处理器

**FastAPI** 自带了一些默认异常处理器。

### Einige benutzerdefinierte `tags`, `responses`, und `dependencies` hinzufügen

Wir fügen weder das Präfix `/items` noch `tags=["items"]` zu jeder *Pfadoperation* hinzu, da wir sie zum `APIRouter` hinzugefügt haben.

Aber wir können immer noch _mehr_ `tags` hinzufügen, die auf eine bestimmte *Pfadoperation* angewendet werden, sowie einige zusätzliche `responses`, die speziell für diese *Pfadoperation* gelten:

        ] = None,
        default_response_class: Annotated[
            Type[Response],
            Doc(
                """
                The default response class to be used.

                Read more in the
                [FastAPI docs for Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/custom-response/#default-response-class).

                **Example**

                ```python

def test_no_token():
    response = client.get("/users/me")
    assert response.status_code == 401, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Not authenticated"}
    assert response.headers["WWW-Authenticate"] == "Bearer"


def test_token():
    access_token = get_access_token(scope="me")
    response = client.get(