# `Request` class

You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency to be of type `Request` and then you can access the raw request object directly, without any validation, etc.

You can import it directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import Request
```

!!! tip

Do you want to just have a `str`? Or just a `dict`? Or a database class model instance directly? It all works the same way.

You actually don't have users that log in to your application but robots, bots, or other systems, that have just an access token? Again, it all works the same.

...and the more exotic ones:

* `OPTIONS`
* `HEAD`
* `PATCH`
* `TRACE`

In the HTTP protocol, you can communicate to each path using one (or more) of these "methods".

---

When building APIs, you normally use these specific HTTP methods to perform a specific action.

Normally you use:

* `POST`: to create data.
* `GET`: to read data.
* `PUT`: to update data.
* `DELETE`: to delete data.

        return data
    ```

    Note that for OAuth2 the scope `items:read` is a single scope in an opaque string.
    You could have custom internal logic to separate it by colon caracters (`:`) or
    similar, and get the two parts `items` and `read`. Many applications do that to
    group and organize permissions, you could do it as well in your application, just
    know that that it is application specific, it's not part of the specification.

# Background Tasks - `BackgroundTasks`

You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency function with the type `BackgroundTasks`, and then you can use it to schedule the execution of background tasks after the response is sent.

You can import it directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import BackgroundTasks
```

# Static Files

You can serve static files automatically from a directory using `StaticFiles`.

## Use `StaticFiles`

* Import `StaticFiles`.
* "Mount" a `StaticFiles()` instance in a specific path.

```Python hl_lines="2  6"
{!../../../docs_src/static_files/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "Technical Details"
    You could also use `from starlette.staticfiles import StaticFiles`.

        Doc(
            """
            An alternative name for the parameter field.

            This will be used to extract the data and for the generated OpenAPI.
            It is particularly useful when you can't use the name you want because it
            is a Python reserved keyword or similar.
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    alias_priority: Annotated[
        Union[int, None],
        Doc(
            """

!!! check "**FastAPI** uses it to"
    Handle all the core web parts. Adding features on top.

    The class `FastAPI` itself inherits directly from the class `Starlette`.

                is not available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will
                be `None`.

                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in HTTP Basic
                authentication or in an HTTP Bearer token).

!!! tip
    The next sections are **not necessarily "advanced"**.

    And it's possible that for your use case, the solution is in one of them.

## Read the Tutorial first

The next sections assume you already read the main [Tutorial - User Guide: Security](../../tutorial/security/index.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.