func (ct ColumnType) DatabaseTypeName() string {
	if ct.DataTypeValue.Valid {
		return ct.DataTypeValue.String
	}
	return ct.SQLColumnType.DatabaseTypeName()
}

// ColumnType returns the database type of the column. like `varchar(16)`
func (ct ColumnType) ColumnType() (columnType string, ok bool) {
	return ct.ColumnTypeValue.String, ct.ColumnTypeValue.Valid
}

// PrimaryKey returns the column is primary key or not.

	if chkName != "chk_public_table_name" {
		t.Errorf("invalid checker name generated, got %v", chkName)
	}

	joinTable := ns.JoinTableName("user_languages")
	if joinTable != "public.user_languages" { // Seems like a bug in NamingStrategy to skip the Replacer when the name is lowercase here.
		t.Errorf("invalid join table generated, got %v", joinTable)
	}

	joinTable2 := ns.JoinTableName("UserLanguage")

			}, clause.Where{
				Exprs: []clause.Expression{clause.Or(clause.Gt{Column: "score", Value: 100}, clause.Like{Column: "name", Value: "%linus%"})},
			}},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE `users`.`id` = ? AND `age` > ? OR `name` <> ? AND (`score` > ? OR `name` LIKE ?)",
			[]interface{}{"1", 18, "jinzhu", 100, "%linus%"},
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.Where{

				// looks like a where condition
				return []clause.Expression{clause.Expr{SQL: s, Vars: args}}
			}

			if len(args) > 0 && strings.Contains(s, "@") {
				// looks like a named query
				return []clause.Expression{clause.NamedExpr{SQL: s, Vars: args}}
			}

			if strings.Contains(strings.TrimSpace(s), " ") {
				// looks like a where condition

		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
	}

	var userIDs []uint
	for _, user := range users {
		userIDs = append(userIDs, user.ID)
	}

	var users2 []User
	DB.Preload("Pets.Toy", "name like ?", `%preload_3`).Find(&users2, "id IN ?", userIDs)

	for idx, user := range users2[0:2] {
		for _, pet := range user.Pets {
			if pet.Toy.Name != "" {

		t.Fatalf("got error: %v", err)
	}

	if len(users) != 4 {
		t.Errorf("Four users should be found, instead found %d", len(users))
	}

	DB.Select("*").Where("name LIKE ?", "subquery%").Where("age >= (?)", DB.
		Select("AVG(age)").Table("users").Where("name LIKE ?", "subquery%")).Find(&users)

func assertEqualSQL(t *testing.T, expected string, actually string) {
	t.Helper()

	// replace SQL quote, convert into postgresql like ""
	expected = replaceQuoteInSQL(expected)
	actually = replaceQuoteInSQL(actually)

	// ignore updated_at value, because it's generated in Gorm internal, can't to mock value on update.