vspace, target_tensor_ids, source_tensor_ids, sources_that_are_targets,
      output_gradients, result, /*build_default_zeros_grads*/ false));
  return absl::OkStatus();
}

// Helper functions which delegate to `AbstractOperation`, update
// the state of the ForwardOperation and call the tape as appropriate.
// These APIs are mainly to facilitate testing and are subject to change.
namespace internal {

  float* values = new float[1];
  values[0] = v;
  return TF_NewTensor(TF_FLOAT, nullptr, 0, values, num_bytes,
                      &FloatDeallocator, nullptr);
}

// All the *Helper methods are used as a workaround for the restrictions that
// one cannot call ASSERT_* methods in non-void-returning functions (when
// exceptions are disabled during compilation)

#include "tensorflow/c/eager/c_api_test_util.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/eager/unified_api_testutil.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/experimental/gradients/grad_test_helper.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/experimental/gradients/tape/tape_context.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/experimental/ops/nn_ops.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/tf_status_helper.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/tensor_float_32_utils.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/test.h"

namespace tensorflow {

  // incomplete reads may still go undetected.
  if (block->data.size() < block_size_) {
    Key fmax = std::make_pair(key.first, std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max());
    auto fcmp = block_map_.upper_bound(fmax);
    if (fcmp != block_map_.begin() && key < (--fcmp)->first) {
      return TF_SetStatus(status, TF_INTERNAL,
                          "Block cache contents are inconsistent.");
    }
  }

  Trim();

#include <algorithm>
#include <string>
#include <utility>

#include "tensorflow/c/experimental/filesystem/modular_filesystem_registration.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/tf_status_helper.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/env.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/file_system_helper.h"
#include "tsl/platform/errors.h"

// TODO(b/139060984): After all filesystems are converted, all calls to

    calls++;
    char c = (filename == "a") ? 'a' : (filename == "b") ? 'b' : 'x';
    if (offset > 0) {
      // The first block is lower case and all subsequent blocks are upper case.
      c = toupper(c);
    }
    memset(buffer, c, n);
    TF_SetStatus(status, TF_OK, "");
    return n;
  };
  // This cache has space for 4 blocks; we'll read from two files.
  const size_t n = 3;

#include "tensorflow/c/eager/c_api_test_util.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/eager/c_api_unified_experimental_internal.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/tf_datatype.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/tf_status.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/tf_status_helper.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/tf_tensor.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/framework/full_type.pb.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/errors.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/status.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/test.h"

}

void ExecuteAdd(bool async, bool forward_input, bool tfrt) {
#ifdef PLATFORM_WINDOWS
  // On windows, we flakily get a failure due to pointer instability.
  // Disable the 4 tests using this helper until we fix the issue.
  return;
#else
  TF_Status* status = TF_NewStatus();
  TFE_ContextOptions* opts = TFE_NewContextOptions();
  TFE_ContextOptionsSetTfrt(opts, tfrt);

        graph_, op_name.c_str(),
        ::tensorflow::strings::StrCat("name", counter_++).c_str());
  }

  TF_Status* s_;

 private:
  TF_Graph* graph_;
  int counter_;
};

// Helper macros for the TF_OperationGetAttr* tests.
// TODO(ashankar): Use gmock matchers instead?
// (https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googlemock/docs/CookBook.md#writing-new-parameterized-matchers-quickly)

#include "tensorflow/c/experimental/ops/math_ops.h"
#include "tensorflow/c/tf_tensor.h"

namespace tensorflow {
namespace gradients {

using namespace std;

// ================== Helper functions =================

// Fills data with values [start,end) with given step size.
void Range(vector<int32_t>* data, int32_t start, int32_t end,
           int32_t step = 1) {