```

### コード内での`HTTPException`の発生

`HTTPException`は通常のPythonの例外であり、APIに関連するデータを追加したものです。

Pythonの例外なので、`return`ではなく、`raise`です。

これはまた、*path operation関数*の内部で呼び出しているユーティリティ関数の内部から`HTTPException`を発生させた場合、*path operation関数*の残りのコードは実行されず、そのリクエストを直ちに終了させ、`HTTPException`からのHTTPエラーをクライアントに送信することを意味します。

値を返す`return`よりも例外を発生させることの利点は、「依存関係とセキュリティ」のセクションでより明確になります。

この例では、クライアントが存在しないIDでアイテムを要求した場合、`404`のステータスコードを持つ例外を発生させます:

from ...utils import needs_py39, needs_pydanticv1, needs_pydanticv2


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client():
    from docs_src.body_updates.tutorial001_py39 import app

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


@needs_py39
def test_get(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/baz")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "name": "Baz",

    if scope:
        data["scope"] = scope
    response = client.post("/token", data=data)
    content = response.json()
    access_token = content.get("access_token")
    return access_token


def test_login():
    response = client.post("/token", data={"username": "johndoe", "password": "secret"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    content = response.json()

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture
def client():
    from docs_src.body.tutorial001_py310 import app

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


@needs_py310
def test_body_float(client: TestClient):
    response = client.post("/items/", json={"name": "Foo", "price": 50.5})
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {

import pytest
from dirty_equals import IsDict
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient


@pytest.fixture
def client():
    from docs_src.body.tutorial001 import app

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


def test_body_float(client: TestClient):
    response = client.post("/items/", json={"name": "Foo", "price": 50.5})
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {

```Python
from datetime import date

from pydantic import BaseModel

# Declare a variable as a str
# and get editor support inside the function
def main(user_id: str):
    return user_id


# A Pydantic model
class User(BaseModel):
    id: int
    name: str
    joined: date
```

Sau đó có thể được sử dụng:

```Python

from dirty_equals import IsDict
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client():
    from docs_src.bigger_applications.app_an.main import app

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


def test_users_token_jessica(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/users?token=jessica")
    assert response.status_code == 200

from ...utils import needs_py39


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client():
    from docs_src.bigger_applications.app_an_py39.main import app

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


@needs_py39
def test_users_token_jessica(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/users?token=jessica")
    assert response.status_code == 200

```Python
response = requests.get("http://example.com/some/url")
```

The FastAPI counterpart API *path operation* could look like:

```Python hl_lines="1"
@app.get("/some/url")
def read_url():
    return {"message": "Hello World"}
```

See the similarities in `requests.get(...)` and `@app.get(...)`.

!!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
    * Have a simple and intuitive API.

```Python
response = requests.get("http://example.com/some/url")
```

FastAPI 😑 🛠️ *➡ 🛠️* 💪 👀 💖:

```Python hl_lines="1"
@app.get("/some/url")
def read_url():
    return {"message": "Hello World"}
```

👀 🔀 `requests.get(...)` & `@app.get(...)`.

!!! check "😮 **FastAPI** "
    * ✔️ 🙅 & 🏋️ 🛠️.
    * ⚙️ 🇺🇸🔍 👩‍🔬 📛 (🛠️) 🔗, 🎯 & 🏋️ 🌌.