def test_create_item_bad_token():
    response = client.post(
        "/items/",
        headers={"X-Token": "hailhydra"},
        json={"id": "bazz", "title": "Bazz", "description": "Drop the bazz"},
    )
    assert response.status_code == 400
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Invalid X-Token header"}


def test_create_existing_item():
    response = client.post(
        "/items/",

from fastapi import FastAPI, File, UploadFile

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/files/")
async def create_file(file: bytes | None = File(default=None)):
    if not file:
        return {"message": "No file sent"}
    else:
        return {"file_size": len(file)}


@app.post("/uploadfile/")
async def create_upload_file(file: UploadFile | None = None):
    if not file:
        return {"message": "No upload file sent"}
    else:

# How To - Recipes

Here you will see different recipes or "how to" guides for **several topics**.

Most of these ideas would be more or less **independent**, and in most cases you should only need to study them if they apply directly to **your project**.

If something seems interesting and useful to your project, go ahead and check it, but otherwise, you might probably just skip them.

!!! tip

def test_complex():
    app = FastAPI()

    @app.post("/")
    def foo(foo: Union[str, List[int]]):
        return foo

    client = TestClient(app)

    response = client.post("/", json="bar")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == "bar"

    response2 = client.post("/", json=[1, 2])
    assert response2.status_code == 200, response2.text

    email: str


@app.post("/items/", response_model=ResponseMessage, tags=["items"])
async def create_item(item: Item):
    return {"message": "Item received"}


@app.get("/items/", response_model=List[Item], tags=["items"])
async def get_items():
    return [
        {"name": "Plumbus", "price": 3},
        {"name": "Portal Gun", "price": 9001},
    ]

    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/": {
                "post": {
                    "summary": "Main Route",
                    "operationId": "main_route__post",
                    "parameters": [
                        {
                            "required": True,
                            "schema": IsDict(

따라서 섹션

```Python
    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
```

이 실행됩니다.

---

해당 모듈(파일)을 가져오면 이런 일이 발생하지 않습니다

그래서 다음과 같은 다른 파일 `importer.py`가 있는 경우:

```Python
from myapp import app

# Some more code
```

이 경우 `myapp.py` 내부의 자동 변수에는 값이 `"__main__"`인 변수 `__name__`이 없습니다.

따라서 다음 행

```Python
    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
```

은 실행되지 않습니다.

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/index-weights/")
async def create_index_weights(weights: dict[int, float]):

from fastapi import APIRouter, Body

router = APIRouter()


@router.post("/compute")
def compute(a: int = Body(), b: str = Body()):

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from typing_extensions import Annotated

app = FastAPI()


@app.post("/login/")
async def login(username: Annotated[str, Form()], password: Annotated[str, Form()]):