},
						}, {
							Type:  clause.LeftJoin,
							Table: clause.Table{Name: "companies"},
							Using: []string{"company_name"},
						},
					},
				},
			},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` INNER JOIN `articles` ON `articles`.`id` = `users`.`id` LEFT JOIN `companies` USING (`company_name`)", nil,
		},
	}

	for idx, result := range results {
		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("case #%v", idx), func(t *testing.T) {

Every time you "log in with" Facebook, Google, GitHub, Microsoft, Twitter, that application is using OAuth2 with scopes.

In this section you will see how to manage authentication and authorization with the same OAuth2 with scopes in your **FastAPI** application.

/// warning

```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="34"
{!> ../../docs_src/body_updates/tutorial002.py!}
```

////

### Using Pydantic's `update` parameter

Now, you can create a copy of the existing model using `.model_copy()`, and pass the `update` parameter with a `dict` containing the data to update.

/// info

This is not a limitation of **FastAPI**, it's part of the HTTP protocol.

///

## Optional File Upload

You can make a file optional by using standard type annotations and setting a default value of `None`:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

### `ORJSONResponse`

A fast alternative JSON response using <a href="https://github.com/ijl/orjson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`orjson`</a>, as you read above.

/// info

This requires installing `orjson` for example with `pip install orjson`.

///

### `UJSONResponse`

requests**, sending the **decrypted HTTP requests** to the actual HTTP application running in the same server (the **FastAPI** application, in this case), take the **HTTP response** from the application, **encrypt it** using the appropriate **HTTPS certificate** and sending it back to the client using **HTTPS**. This server is often called a **<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLS_termination_proxy" class="external-link" target="_blank">TLS Termination Proxy</a>**.

Some of the options you could...

        SetTestSuiteBuilder.using(new ImmutableSetWithBadHashesGenerator())
            .named(ImmutableSetTest.class.getName() + ", with bad hashes")
            .withFeatures(
                CollectionSize.ANY,
                CollectionFeature.KNOWN_ORDER,
                CollectionFeature.ALLOWS_NULL_QUERIES)
            .createTestSuite());

    suite.addTest(
        SetTestSuiteBuilder.using(new DegeneratedImmutableSetGenerator())

    if (0 > b1) {
      throw new EOFException();
    }

    return b1;
  }

  /**
   * Reads an unsigned {@code short} as specified by {@link DataInputStream#readUnsignedShort()},
   * except using little-endian byte order.
   *
   * @return the next two bytes of the input stream, interpreted as an unsigned 16-bit integer in
   *     little-endian byte order
   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
   */

import org.apache.maven.api.annotations.Consumer;
import org.apache.maven.api.annotations.Experimental;
import org.apache.maven.api.annotations.Nonnull;

/**
 * Transport for specified remote repository (using provided remote repository base URI as root). Must be treated as a
 * resource, best in try-with-resource block.
 *
 * @since 4.0.0
 */
@Experimental
@Consumer
public interface Transport extends Closeable {
    /**

![Grafana](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/minio/minio/master/docs/metrics/prometheus/grafana/replication/grafana-replication-node.png)