# Вступ до типів Python

Python підтримує додаткові "підказки типу" ("type hints") (також звані "анотаціями типу" ("type annotations")).

Ці **"type hints"** є спеціальним синтаксисом, що дозволяє оголошувати <abbr title="наприклад: str, int, float, bool">тип</abbr> змінної.

За допомогою оголошення типів для ваших змінних, редактори та інструменти можуть надати вам кращу підтримку.

 {{{https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/Plugin+migration+to+Maven3+dependencies} Plugin migration to Maven3 dependencies}}

import static com.google.common.primitives.UnsignedBytes.toInt;

import com.google.common.base.Charsets;
import com.google.common.primitives.Chars;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import com.google.common.primitives.Longs;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.Immutable;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

</blockquote>

## Investigation

By using all the previous alternatives I had the chance to learn from all of them, take ideas, and combine them in the best way I could find for myself and the teams of developers I have worked with.

For example, it was clear that ideally it should be based on standard Python type hints.

</blockquote>

## Investigação

Ao usar todas as alternativas anteriores, eu tive a chance de aprender com todas elas, aproveitar ideias e combiná-las da melhor maneira que encontrei para mim e para os times de desenvolvedores com os quais trabalhava.

Por exemplo, estava claro que idealmente ele deveria ser baseado nos _type hints_ padrões do Python.

package com.google.common.collect;

import com.google.caliper.BeforeExperiment;
import com.google.caliper.Benchmark;
import com.google.caliper.Param;
import com.google.common.base.Optional;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * Benchmarks for the {@code TreeTraverser} operations on binary trees.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
public class BinaryTreeTraverserBenchmark {

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Arrays;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import com.google.common.collect.Multiset.Entry;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.concurrent.LazyInit;
import com.google.j2objc.annotations.WeakOuter;
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.annotation.CheckForNull;

/**

      // actual response status.
      code == 100 -> true

      // Handle Processing (102) & Early Hints (103) and any new codes without failing
      // 100 and 101 are the exceptions with different meanings
      // But Early Hints not currently exposed
      code in (102 until 200) -> true

      else -> false
    }

    return Ints.saturatedCast((long) a + b);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the difference of {@code a} and {@code b} unless it would overflow or underflow in
   * which case {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE} or {@code Integer.MIN_VALUE} is returned, respectively.
   *
   * @since 20.0
   */
  public static int saturatedSubtract(int a, int b) {
    return Ints.saturatedCast((long) a - b);
  }

  /**