assertThrows(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> iia3.subArray(1, 4));
  }

  /*
   * Whenever an implementation uses `instanceof` on a parameter instance, the test has to know that
   * (so much for "black box") and try instances that both do and don't pass the check. The "don't"
   * half of that is more awkward to arrange...
   */

 *   <li><a href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/GraphsExplained#notes-for-implementors">Notes
 *       for implementors</a>
 * </ul>
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 * @author Joshua O'Madadhain
 * @param <N> Node parameter type
 * @since 20.0
 */
@Beta
@DoNotMock("Use GraphBuilder to create a real instance")
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public interface Graph<N> extends BaseGraph<N> {
  //
  // Graph-level accessors

   * @return an array containing the same values as {@code collection}, in the same order, converted
   *     to primitives
   * @throws NullPointerException if {@code collection} or any of its elements is null
   * @since 1.0 (parameter was {@code Collection<Byte>} before 12.0)
   */
  public static byte[] toArray(Collection<? extends Number> collection) {
    if (collection instanceof ByteArrayAsList) {

   *
   * <p>The delegate future is interrupted and cancelled if it times out.
   *
   * @param delegate The future to delegate to.
   * @param time when to time out the future
   * @param unit the time unit of the time parameter
   * @param scheduledExecutor The executor service to enforce the timeout.
   * @since 19.0
   */
  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService

`Optional[str]` の`Optional` はFastAPIでは使用されていません（FastAPIは`str`の部分のみ使用します）。しかし、`Optional[str]` はエディタがコードのエラーを見つけるのを助けてくれます。

///

## Pydanticを使わない方法

   * or {@code 'A'} and {@code 'Z'} inclusive.
   *
   * <p>This method is significantly faster than {@link String#equalsIgnoreCase} and should be used
   * in preference if at least one of the parameters is known to contain only ASCII characters.
   *
   * <p>Note however that this method does not always behave identically to expressions such as:
   *
   * <ul>

  // webhook, for example, a cluster identifier.
  //
  // Attempting to use a user or basic auth e.g. "user:password@" is not
  // allowed. Fragments ("#...") and query parameters ("?...") are not
  // allowed, either.
  //
  // +optional
  optional string url = 3;

  // `service` is a reference to the service for this webhook. Either
  // `service` or `url` must be specified.

     * This method is mainly to be compatible with the java.util.Properties class.
     *
     * @param os an output stream.
     * @param comment this parameter is ignored as this Properties
     * @throws IOException If storing fails
     */
    public void store(OutputStream os, String comment) throws IOException {
        this.save(os);
    }

    /**

   * ({@code this}) will be cancelled and interrupted.
   *
   * @param timeout when to time out the future
   * @param unit the time unit of the time parameter
   * @param scheduledExecutor The executor service to enforce the timeout.
   */
  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // ScheduledExecutorService
  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // should accept a java.time.Duration

        @app.get("/")
        def read_root() -> Union[Response, None]:
            return Response(content="Foo")  # pragma: no cover

    assert "valid Pydantic field type" in e.value.args[0]
    assert "parameter response_model=None" in e.value.args[0]


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {