def test_valid_none_data():
    response = client.get("/items/validnone")
    data = response.json()
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert data == {"name": "invalid", "price": 3.2, "owner_ids": None}


def test_valid_none_none():
    response = client.get("/items/validnone", params={"send_none": "true"})
    data = response.json()
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert data is None

    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"q": None}


def test_default_param_query():
    response = client.get("/items/?q=foo")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

<a href="fess-ds-gsuite/" title="fess-ds-gsuite/">fess-ds-gsuite/</a>                                                  -         -      
<a href="fess-ds-json/" title="fess-ds-json/">fess-ds-json/</a>                                                    -         -      
<a href="fess-ds-office365/" title="fess-ds-office365/">fess-ds-office365/</a>                                               -         -      

        projectId = "Check",
        branch = branch,
        buildScanTags = listOf("Check"),
        subprojects = JsonBasedGradleSubprojectProvider(File("./subprojects.json"))
    )
    val gradleBuildBucketProvider = DefaultFunctionalTestBucketProvider(model, File("./test-buckets.json"))
    subProject(CheckProject(model, gradleBuildBucketProvider))

    if (!isSecurityFork()) {
        subProject(PromotionProject(model.branch))

```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="20"
{!> ../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial006.py!}
```

////

这将期望（转换，校验，记录文档等）下面这样的 JSON 请求体：

```JSON hl_lines="11"
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "description": "The pretender",
    "price": 42.0,
    "tax": 3.2,
    "tags": [
        "rock",
        "metal",
        "bar"
    ],

// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package json

type s3Error struct {
	code       string
	message    string
	statusCode int
	cause      error
}

func (err *s3Error) Cause() error {
	return err.cause
}

Из *операции пути* можно вернуть *элементы перечисления*, даже вложенные в тело JSON (например в `dict`).

Они будут преобразованы в соответствующие значения (в данном случае - строки) перед их возвратом клиенту:

```Python hl_lines="18  21  23"
{!../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial005.py!}
```
Вы отправите клиенту такой JSON-ответ:

```JSON
{
  "model_name": "alexnet",
  "message": "Deep Learning FTW!"
}
```

            and those objects can't (and shouldn't be) serialized to JSON.
            """
        ),
    ] = True,
) -> Any:
    """
    Convert any object to something that can be encoded in JSON.

    This is used internally by FastAPI to make sure anything you return can be
    encoded as JSON before it is sent to the client.

///

## What is "Form Data"

The way HTML forms (`<form></form>`) sends the data to the server normally uses a "special" encoding for that data, it's different from JSON.

**FastAPI** will make sure to read that data from the right place instead of JSON.

/// note | "Technical Details"

Data from forms is normally encoded using the "media type" `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` when it doesn't include files.

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