}
    }
  }

  // Relies on the correctness of isPowerOfTwo(int).
  public void testLog2Exact() {
    for (int x : POSITIVE_INTEGER_CANDIDATES) {
      // We only expect an exception if x was not a power of 2.
      boolean isPowerOf2 = IntMath.isPowerOfTwo(x);
      try {
        assertEquals(x, 1 << IntMath.log2(x, UNNECESSARY));
        assertTrue(isPowerOf2);
      } catch (ArithmeticException e) {

    // other operations, the cache and the removal queue won't change from this point on.

    // Verify that each received removal notification was valid
    for (RemovalNotification<String, String> notification : removalListener) {
      assertWithMessage("Invalid removal notification")
          .that(notification.getValue())
          .isEqualTo(notification.getKey());

    AfterEnqueuedTasks,

    /** Resumes after all other tasks, including tasks enqueued while yielding. */
    AfterOtherTasks,
  }

  /** Returns the task that was started, or null if there were no tasks to start. */
  private fun startNextTask(): SerialTask? {
    taskRunner.assertLockHeld()

    val index = serialTaskQueue.indexOfFirst { it.isReady() }

        languageHelper.updateDocument(doc);

        assertEquals("ja", doc.get("lang"));
        assertEquals("タイトル", doc.get("title_ja"));
        assertNull(doc.get("content_ja")); // content field was not present
    }

    @Test
    public void test_getSupportedLanguage_withWhitespace() {
        // Test that whitespace is not trimmed (as per implementation)

    // Cache implementors may want to catch it but should not need to be able to throw it.
    UnsupportedLoadingOperationException() {}
  }

  /**
   * Thrown to indicate that an invalid response was returned from a call to {@link CacheLoader}.
   *
   * @since 11.0
   */
  public static final class InvalidCacheLoadException extends RuntimeException {
    public InvalidCacheLoadException(String message) {

                DirectoryCacheScope.IMMEDIATE_CHILDREN);

        assertNotNull(leaseKey);

        // Step 2: Verify cache entry was created
        DirectoryCacheEntry cacheEntry = directoryLeaseManager.getCacheEntry(directoryPath);
        assertNotNull(cacheEntry);
        assertEquals(directoryPath, cacheEntry.getDirectoryPath());

        SnapshotVersion sv1 = addSnapshotVersion(target.getVersioning(), after, artifact);
        addSnapshotVersion(source.getVersioning(), before, artifact);
        // nothing should be updated, as the target was already updated at a later date than source
        assertFalse(target.merge(source));
        assertEquals(1, target.getVersioning().getSnapshotVersions().size());

    IllegalArgumentException expected =
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> getOnlyElement(iterator));
    assertThat(expected).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo("expected one element but was: <one, two>");
  }

  public void testGetOnlyElement_noDefault_fiveElements() {
    Iterator<String> iterator = asList("one", "two", "three", "four", "five").iterator();
    IllegalArgumentException expected =

	}
	// Only association operations were executed; no row update is expected
	if rows != 0 {
		t.Fatalf("expected 0 rows affected for association-only update, got %d", rows)
	}

	// Verify the association was created using real database query
	AssertAssociationCount(t, &user, "Pets", 1, "after Set Update with association")
}

// Test Set + Update with Association OpCreate operation using real database

Blocking APIs are convenient because you get top-to-bottom procedural code without indirection. Network calls work like regular method calls: ask for data and it is returned. If the request fails, you get a stacktrace right where the call was made.

Blocking APIs may be inefficient because you hold a thread idle while waiting on the network. Threads are expensive because they have both a memory overhead and a context-switching overhead.

#### Framed protocols