**FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.testclient` as `fastapi.testclient` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But it comes directly from Starlette.

///

/// tip

If you want to call `async` functions in your tests apart from sending requests to your FastAPI application (e.g. asynchronous database functions), have a look at the [Async Tests](../advanced/async-tests.md){.internal-link target=_blank} in the advanced tutorial.

### 1. Fetch the root identity

As the initial step, fetch the private key and certificate of the root identity:

```sh
curl -sSL --tlsv1.2 \
     -O 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/minio/kes/master/root.key' \
     -O 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/minio/kes/master/root.cert'
```

### 2. Set the MinIO-KES configuration

```sh

        }

        if (isMainSourceSet) {
            val nullawayAttributeValue = errorproneExtension.nullawayEnabled.map { if (it) NullawayState.ENABLED else NullawayState.DISABLED }

            // We don't care about nullaway in test fixtures or tests, they're written in Groovy anyway.
            NullawayAttributes.addToConfiguration(configurations.named(compileClasspathConfigurationName), nullawayAttributeValue)

    @Test
    void nullReference_throwsNullPointerException() {
        // Arrange
        SmbBasicFileInfo info = null;

        // Act & Assert: attempting to call any method on null should throw NPE
        Assertions.assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
            // Intentionally dereference null to validate exception behavior

            bufferIndex += dataCount;
        }

        /* Check to see if the entire transaction has been
         * read. If so call the read methods.
         */

        if (!parametersDone && parameterDisplacement + parameterCount == totalParameterCount) {
            parametersDone = true;
        }

    if (deferredPlans.isNotEmpty()) return deferredPlans.removeFirst() as FakePlan

    if (nextPlanIndex >= plans.size && autoGeneratePlans) addPlan()

    require(nextPlanIndex < plans.size) {
      "not enough plans! call addPlan() or set autoGeneratePlans=true in the test to set this up"
    }
    val result = plans[nextPlanIndex++]
    events += "take plan ${result.id}"

    if (result.yieldBeforePlanReturns) {
      taskFaker.yield()

           *
           * ...when we build with JDK 22 and run under JDK 8.
           */
          || info.getName().contains("MultimapsTest")
      /*
       * Luckily, we don't care about analyzing tests at all. We'd skip them all if we could do so
       * trivially, but it's enough to skip these ones.
       */
      ) {
        continue;
      }
      Class<?> clazz = info.load();
      try {

        for (String task : tasks) {
            if (isBeforeOrAfterPhase(task)) {
                String prevTask = task;
                task = PhaseId.of(task).phase();
                LOGGER.warn("Illegal call to phase '{}'. The main phase '{}' will be used instead.", prevTask, task);
            }
            if (isGoalSpecification(task)) {
                // "pluginPrefix[:version]:goal" or "groupId:artifactId[:version]:goal"

 * Null row keys, columns keys, and values are not supported.
 *
 * <p>Lookups by row key are often faster than lookups by column key, because the data is stored in
 * a {@code Map<R, Map<C, V>>}. A method call like {@code column(columnKey).get(rowKey)} still runs
 * quickly, since the row key is provided. However, {@code column(columnKey).size()} takes longer,
 * since an iteration across all row keys occurs.
 *

    backward.put(value, key);
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable set of all nine primitive types (including {@code void}). Note that a
   * simpler way to test whether a {@code Class} instance is a member of this set is to call {@link
   * Class#isPrimitive}.
   *
   * @since 3.0
   */
  public static Set<Class<?>> allPrimitiveTypes() {
    return PRIMITIVE_TO_WRAPPER_TYPE.keySet();
  }

  /**