characters.
 *  New: Accept a charset in `FormBody.Builder`. Previously form bodies were
    always UTF-8.
 *  New: Support the `immutable` cache-control directive.
 *  Fix: Don't crash when an HTTP/2 call is redirected while the connection is
    being shut down.
 *  Fix: Don't drop headers of healthy streams that raced with `GOAWAY` frames.
    This bug would cause HTTP/2 streams to occasional hang when the connection

 *
 * @param <C> the type of the container
 * @param <E> the type of the container's contents
 * @author George van den Driessche
 */
@GwtCompatible
@Ignore("test runners must not instantiate and run this directly, only via suites we build")
// @Ignore affects the Android test runner, which respects JUnit 4 annotations on JUnit 3 tests.
@SuppressWarnings("JUnit4ClassUsedInJUnit3")
@NullMarked

And you get editor support everywhere.

Even for items inside of lists:

<img src="/img/tutorial/body-nested-models/image01.png">

You couldn't get this kind of editor support if you were working directly with `dict` instead of Pydantic models.

But you don't have to worry about them either, incoming dicts are converted automatically and your output is converted automatically to JSON too.

        String effectiveScope = Artifact.SCOPE_RUNTIME;

        if (originalScope == null) {
            originalScope = Artifact.SCOPE_COMPILE;
        }

        if (inheritedScope == null) {
            // direct dependency retains its scope
            effectiveScope = originalScope;
        } else if (Artifact.SCOPE_TEST.equals(originalScope) || Artifact.SCOPE_PROVIDED.equals(originalScope)) {

        IntervalRule rule = new IntervalRule("10:00", "18:00", "1", 1000); // Sunday only

        // Test day overflow (day 8 should be treated as day 1)
        // For same-day rules, it should check the day directly
        assertTrue(rule.isTarget(12, 30, 8)); // Should be treated as day 1 (Sunday)

        // Test with cross-midnight rule
        IntervalRule crossRule = new IntervalRule("22:00", "02:00", "1", 1000); // Sunday only

import com.google.common.testing.EqualsTester;
import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * Abstract base class for testing undirected {@link Graph} implementations defined in this package.
 */
@NullUnmarked
public abstract class AbstractStandardUndirectedGraphTest extends AbstractGraphTest {

  @After
  public void validateUndirectedEdges() {

In our code example above, we don't use it directly, but we pass it to FastAPI for it to use it.

The `lifespan` parameter of the `FastAPI` app takes an **async context manager**, so we can pass our new `lifespan` async context manager to it.

            } catch (Exception e) {
              throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
          };
      executor.execute(errorTask);
      service.execute(barrierTask); // submit directly to the service
      // the barrier task runs after the error task so we know that the error has been observed by
      // SequentialExecutor by the time the barrier is satisfied
      barrier.await(1, SECONDS);

 * encoding scheme. The set of safe characters (those which remain unescaped) can be specified on
 * construction.
 *
 * <p>This class is primarily used for creating URI escapers in {@link UrlEscapers} but can be used
 * directly if required. While URI escapers impose specific semantics on which characters are
 * considered 'safe', this class has a minimal set of restrictions.
 *
 * <p>When escaping a String, the following rules apply:
 *
 * <ul>

            super(config, command, subcommand);
        }

        // Expose errorCode setter for testing - access protected field directly
        public void setTestErrorCode(int code) {
            this.errorCode = code;
        }

        @Override
        protected int writeSetupWireFormat(byte[] dst, int dstIndex) {