{* ../../docs_src/dataclasses_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,6:11,18:19] *}

Это по-прежнему поддерживается благодаря **Pydantic**, так как в нём есть [встроенная поддержка `dataclasses`](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/dataclasses/#use-of-stdlib-dataclasses-with-basemodel).

Так что даже если в коде выше Pydantic не используется явно, FastAPI использует Pydantic, чтобы конвертировать стандартные dataclasses в собственный вариант dataclasses от Pydantic.

## OAuth2 { #oauth2 }

OAuth2, authentication ve authorization’ı yönetmek için çeşitli yöntemleri tanımlayan bir spesifikasyondur.

Oldukça kapsamlı bir spesifikasyondur ve birkaç karmaşık use case’i kapsar.

"Üçüncü taraf" kullanarak authentication yapmanın yollarını da içerir.

"Facebook, Google, X (Twitter), GitHub ile giriş yap" bulunan sistemlerin arka planda kullandığı şey de budur.

{* ../../docs_src/dataclasses_/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1,6:11,18:19] *}

이는 **Pydantic** 덕분에 여전히 지원되는데, Pydantic이 [`dataclasses`에 대한 내부 지원](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/dataclasses/#use-of-stdlib-dataclasses-with-basemodel)을 제공하기 때문입니다.

따라서 위 코드처럼 Pydantic을 명시적으로 사용하지 않더라도, FastAPI는 Pydantic을 사용해 표준 dataclasses를 Pydantic의 dataclasses 변형으로 변환합니다.

그리고 물론 다음과 같은 기능도 동일하게 지원합니다:

* 데이터 검증
* 데이터 직렬화

		tracker.logSuccess()
		return true
	}
	return false
}

// diskHealthWrapper provides either a io.Reader or io.Writer
// that updates status of the provided tracker.
// Use through diskHealthReader or diskHealthWriter.
type diskHealthWrapper struct {
	tracker *healthDiskCtxValue
	r       io.Reader
	w       io.Writer
}

func (d *diskHealthWrapper) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {

/*
 * Copyright 2012-2025 CodeLibs Project and the Others.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

/*
 * Copyright 2012-2025 CodeLibs Project and the Others.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

# レスポンスヘッダー { #response-headers }

## `Response` パラメータを使う { #use-a-response-parameter }

（Cookie と同様に）*path operation 関数*で `Response` 型のパラメータを宣言できます。

そして、その*一時的*なレスポンスオブジェクトにヘッダーを設定できます。

{* ../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial002_py310.py hl[1, 7:8] *}

その後は通常どおり、必要な任意のオブジェクト（`dict`、データベースモデルなど）を返せます。

`response_model` を宣言している場合は、返したオブジェクトのフィルタと変換に引き続き使用されます。

Mais comme c'est un cas d'usage courant, elle est fournie directement par **FastAPI**, simplement pour vous faciliter la vie.

///

### Utiliser les données du formulaire { #use-the-form-data }

/// tip | Astuce

* 用戶端嘗試存取的項目不存在。
* 等等。

在這些情況下，通常會回傳範圍為 400（400 到 499）的 HTTP 狀態碼。

這類似於 200 範圍的 HTTP 狀態碼（200 到 299）。那些「200」狀態碼表示請求在某種程度上是「成功」的。

400 範圍的狀態碼表示用戶端錯誤。

還記得那些「404 Not Found」錯誤（和梗）嗎？

## 使用 `HTTPException` { #use-httpexception }

要向用戶端回傳帶有錯誤的 HTTP 回應，使用 `HTTPException`。

### 匯入 `HTTPException` { #import-httpexception }

{* ../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial001_py310.py hl[1] *}

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2011 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,