* allow in normal conditions. This is enforced by "throttling" incoming requests as needed. For
   * example, we could compute the appropriate throttle time for an incoming request, and make the
   * calling thread wait for that time.
   *
   * The simplest way to maintain a rate of QPS is to keep the timestamp of the last granted
   * request, and ensure that (1/QPS) seconds have elapsed since then. For example, for a rate of

 * <p>
 * Target directories on the file system or JAR files are provided as {@link URL}. The appropriate {@link Traverser} is returned depending on the protocol of the URL, and you can traverse classes and resources by calling its methods.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * Supported protocols:
 * </p>
 * <ul>
 * <li>{@literal file}</li>
 * <li>{@literal jar}</li>
 * <li>{@literal wsjar} (WebSphere proprietary protocol, alias for {@literal jar})</li>

  //
  // Essentially, then, `table[h]` gives us the start of a linked list in `entries`, where every
  // element of the list has the short hash value h.
  //
  // A wrinkle here is that the value 0 (called UNSET in the code) is used as the equivalent of a
  // null pointer. If `table[h] == 0` that means there are no keys in the map whose short hash is h.

     *
     * (In addition to useForNull, we also offer skipNulls. It, too, tolerates null inputs, but its
     * tolerance is implemented differently: Its implementation avoids calling this toString(Object)
     * method in the first place.)
     */
    requireNonNull(part);
    return (part instanceof CharSequence) ? (CharSequence) part : part.toString();
  }

 * number types; reasonable default instance for other stateless types. For mutable types, a fresh
 * instance is created each time {@code get()} is called.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @author Ben Yu
 * @since 12.0
 */
@GwtIncompatible
@J2ktIncompatible
@NullMarked
public final class ArbitraryInstances {

  }

  public void testToByteArray_withSize_givenSizeOneSmallerThanActual() throws IOException {
    InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(PRE_FILLED_100);
    // this results in toByteArrayInternal being called when the stream is actually exhausted
    byte[] b = ByteStreams.toByteArray(in, 99);
    assertThat(b).isEqualTo(PRE_FILLED_100);
  }

      return of();
    } else if (length == 1) {
      return of(get(fromIndex));
    } else {
      return subListUnchecked(fromIndex, toIndex);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Called by the default implementation of {@link #subList} when {@code toIndex - fromIndex > 1},
   * after index validation has already been performed.
   */
  ImmutableList<E> subListUnchecked(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {

        ImmutableListMultimap.of("foo", 'f', "foo", 'o', "foo", 'o').inverse());
  }

  // Yes, we want to test that inverse() returns the same instance each time that it's called.
  @SuppressWarnings("SelfAssertion")
  public void testInverseMinimizesWork() {
    ImmutableListMultimap<String, Character> multimap =
        ImmutableListMultimap.<String, Character>builder()

    assertTrue(executor.isTerminated());

    otherTask.get();
  }

  /**
   * Test for a bug where threads weren't getting signaled when shutdown was called, only when tasks
   * completed.
   */
  public void testDirectExecutorService_awaitTermination_missedSignal() {
    ExecutorService service = newDirectExecutorService();
    Thread waiter =
        new Thread() {

 * number types; reasonable default instance for other stateless types. For mutable types, a fresh
 * instance is created each time {@code get()} is called.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @author Ben Yu
 * @since 12.0
 */
@GwtIncompatible
@J2ktIncompatible
@NullMarked
public final class ArbitraryInstances {