```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+ Annotated가 없는 경우

/// tip | "팁"

가능하다면 `Annotated`가 달린 버전을 권장합니다.

///

```Python hl_lines="8-11"
{!> ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial001.py!}
```

////

이게 다입니다.

**단 두 줄입니다**.

그리고, 이 함수는 여러분의 모든 *경로 작동 함수*가 가지고 있는 것과 같은 형태와 구조를 가지고 있습니다.

여러분은 이를 "데코레이터"가 없는 (`@app.get("/some-path")`가 없는) *경로 작동 함수*라고 생각할 수 있습니다.

When you create a **FastAPI** application, there is a `webhooks` attribute that you can use to define *webhooks*, the same way you would define *path operations*, for example with `@app.webhooks.post()`.

{* ../../docs_src/openapi_webhooks/tutorial001.py hl[9:13,36:53] *}

The webhooks that you define will end up in the **OpenAPI** schema and the automatic **docs UI**.

/// info

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.path_operation_advanced_configuration.tutorial004 import app

from ...utils import needs_pydanticv1, needs_pydanticv2

client = TestClient(app)


def test_query_params_str_validations():
    response = client.post("/items/", json={"name": "Foo", "price": 42})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "name": "Foo",
        "price": 42,

import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from ...utils import needs_pydanticv1, needs_pydanticv2


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client():
    from docs_src.body_updates.tutorial001 import app

    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


def test_get(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/baz")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {

创建名字以 `test_` 开头的函数（这是标准的 `pytest` 约定）。

像使用 `httpx` 那样使用 `TestClient` 对象。

为你需要检查的地方用标准的Python表达式写个简单的 `assert` 语句（重申，标准的`pytest`）。

```Python hl_lines="2  12  15-18"
{!../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip | "提示"

注意测试函数是普通的 `def`，不是 `async def`。

还有client的调用也是普通的调用，不是用 `await`。

这让你可以直接使用 `pytest` 而不会遇到麻烦。

///

/// note | "技术细节"

//// tab | Pydantic v2

```Python hl_lines="2  5-8  11"
{!> ../../docs_src/settings/tutorial001.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Pydantic v1

/// info

In Pydantic v1 you would import `BaseSettings` directly from `pydantic` instead of from `pydantic_settings`.

///

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.dataclasses.tutorial003 import app

from ...utils import needs_pydanticv1, needs_pydanticv2

client = TestClient(app)


def test_post_authors_item():
    response = client.post(
        "/authors/foo/items/",
        json=[{"name": "Bar"}, {"name": "Baz", "description": "Drop the Baz"}],
    )
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {

import pytest
from dirty_equals import IsDict
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient


@pytest.fixture(name="app")
def get_app():
    from docs_src.request_forms_and_files.tutorial001 import app

    return app


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client(app: FastAPI):
    client = TestClient(app)
    return client


def test_post_form_no_body(client: TestClient):

## 設定と環境変数による条件付き OpenAPI

生成するOpenAPIとドキュメントUIの構成は、共通のPydanticの設定を使用して簡単に切り替えられます。

例えば、

```Python hl_lines="6  11"
{!../../docs_src/conditional_openapi/tutorial001.py!}
```

ここでは `openapi_url` の設定を、デフォルトの `"/openapi.json"` のまま宣言しています。

そして、これを `FastAPI` appを作る際に使います。

それから、以下のように `OPENAPI_URL` という環境変数を空文字列に設定することによってOpenAPI (UIドキュメントを含む) を無効化することができます。

🎏 🌌 ⏮️ Pydantic 🏷, 👆 📣 🎓 🔢 ⏮️ 🆎 ✍, & 🎲 🔢 💲.

👆 💪 ⚙️ 🌐 🎏 🔬 ⚒ & 🧰 👆 ⚙️ Pydantic 🏷, 💖 🎏 📊 🆎 & 🌖 🔬 ⏮️ `Field()`.

```Python hl_lines="2  5-8  11"
{!../../docs_src/settings/tutorial001.py!}
```

/// tip

🚥 👆 💚 🕳 ⏩ 📁 & 📋, 🚫 ⚙️ 👉 🖼, ⚙️ 🏁 1️⃣ 🔛.

///