MaxParts            int                 // used in GetObjectAttributes. Signals how many parts we should return
	PartNumberMarker    int                 // used in GetObjectAttributes. Signals the part number after which results should be returned
	PartNumber          int                 // only useful in case of GetObject/HeadObject

        phaseUpgrades.put("post-clean", Lifecycle.AFTER + Lifecycle.Phase.CLEAN);

        // Default lifecycle aliases
        phaseUpgrades.put("pre-integration-test", Lifecycle.BEFORE + Lifecycle.Phase.INTEGRATION_TEST);
        phaseUpgrades.put("post-integration-test", Lifecycle.AFTER + Lifecycle.Phase.INTEGRATION_TEST);

        // Site lifecycle aliases

			[]byte("10000"),
			[]byte("ad80c730a21e5b8d04586a2213dd63b9a0e99e0e2307b0ade35a65485a288648"),
		},
	}
	// Validate chunk extension removal.
	for i, tt := range tests {
		// Extract chunk size and chunk signature after parsing a standard chunk-extension format.
		hexChunkSize, hexChunkSignature := parseS3ChunkExtension(tt.buf)
		if !bytes.Equal(hexChunkSize, tt.chunkSize) {

    assertEquals(0, (int) iter.peek());
    assertEquals(0, (int) iter.next());

    assertEquals(1, (int) iter.peek());
    assertEquals(1, (int) iter.next());

    /*
     * We test peek() after various calls to make sure that one bad call doesn't interfere with its
     * ability to throw the correct exception in the future.
     */
    assertThrows(NoSuchElementException.class, iter::peek);

    assertEquals(0, (int) iter.peek());
    assertEquals(0, (int) iter.next());

    assertEquals(1, (int) iter.peek());
    assertEquals(1, (int) iter.next());

    /*
     * We test peek() after various calls to make sure that one bad call doesn't interfere with its
     * ability to throw the correct exception in the future.
     */
    assertThrows(NoSuchElementException.class, iter::peek);

///

/// note | 技術細節

你也可以使用 `from starlette.requests import Request`。

**FastAPI** 為了方便開發者而提供了它，但實際上它直接來自 Starlette。

///

### 在 `response` 之前與之後 { #before-and-after-the-response }

你可以在任何*路徑操作*接收 `request` 之前，加入要執行的程式碼。

也可以在產生出 `response` 之後、回傳之前執行程式碼。

例如，你可以新增一個自訂標頭 `X-Process-Time`，其內容為處理請求並產生回應所花費的秒數：

{* ../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001_py310.py hl[10,12:13] *}

 *
 * <p>When iterating through the collections supplied by this class, the ordering of values for a
 * given key agrees with the order in which the values were added.
 *
 * <p>This multimap allows duplicate key-value pairs. After adding a new key-value pair equal to an
 * existing key-value pair, the {@code ArrayListMultimap} will contain entries for both the new
 * value and the old value.
 *

  // Example: If one calls `op->SetDeviceName("/device:GPU")`, the value
  // returned by DeviceName should be "/device:GPU:*" until a particular GPU is
  // chosen for the operation by the device placement logic in the
  // executor. After that, the value returned by DeviceName will be a full
  // device name such as "/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:1".
  virtual const string& DeviceName() const = 0;

  // Sets the operation device name.
  //

         */
        void update(@Nonnull ByteBuffer input);

        /**
         * Returns the algorithm end result as string, never {@code null}. After invoking this method, this instance should
         * be discarded and not reused. For new checksum calculation you have to get new instance.
         */
        @Nonnull
        String checksum();
    }

That way, using `secrets.compare_digest()` in your application code, it will be safe against this whole range of security attacks.

### Return the error { #return-the-error }

After detecting that the credentials are incorrect, return an `HTTPException` with a status code 401 (the same returned when no credentials are provided) and add the header `WWW-Authenticate` to make the browser show the login prompt again: