为了方便开发者，**FastAPI** 封装了相同数据类型，如`starlette.responses` 和 `fastapi.responses`。不过大部分response对象都是直接引用自Starlette。

因为`Response`对象可以非常便捷的设置headers和cookies，所以 **FastAPI** 同时也封装了`fastapi.Response`。

///

# Modelos de Formulários

Você pode utilizar **Modelos Pydantic** para declarar **campos de formulários** no FastAPI.

/// info | "Informação"

Para utilizar formulários, instale primeiramente o <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>.

Certifique-se de criar um [ambiente virtual](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, ativá-lo, e então instalar. Por exemplo:

 *       (though there are <a
 *       href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/LivingWithNullHostileCollections">several other
 *       approaches to this</a> that should be considered first)
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>A common alternative to using this class is to find or create a suitable <a
 * href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_Object_pattern">null object</a> for the type in question.
 *

Wie Sie im vorherigen Kapitel über [Deployment-Konzepte](concepts.md){.internal-link target=_blank} gesehen haben, gibt es mehrere Strategien, die Sie anwenden können.

Hier zeige ich Ihnen, wie Sie <a href="https://gunicorn.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Gunicorn**</a> mit **Uvicorn Workerprozessen** verwenden.

/// info

```Python hl_lines="14"
{!../../docs_src/handling_errors/tutorial002.py!}
```

## Instalando manipuladores de exceções customizados

Você pode adicionar manipuladores de exceção customizados com <a href="https://www.starlette.io/exceptions/" class="external-link" target="_blank">a mesma seção de utilidade de exceções presentes no Starlette</a>

## Crie um `main.py`
Copie o exemplo em um arquivo `main.py`:

```Python
{!../../docs_src/security/tutorial001.py!}
```

## Execute-o

/// info | "informação"



///

	Primeiro, instale <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>.

	Ex: `pip install python-multipart`.

/**
 * A {@link BlockingDeque} which forwards all its method calls to another {@code BlockingDeque}.
 * Subclasses should override one or more methods to modify the behavior of the backing deque as
 * desired per the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decorator_pattern">decorator pattern</a>.
 *
 * <p><b>Warning:</b> The methods of {@code ForwardingBlockingDeque} forward <b>indiscriminately</b>

That's why the current versions are still `0.x.x`, this reflects that each version could potentially have breaking changes. This follows the <a href="https://semver.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Semantic Versioning</a> conventions.

Sehen wir uns nun an, wie Sie damit eine benutzerdefinierte Response zurückgeben können.

Nehmen wir an, Sie möchten eine <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" class="external-link" target="_blank">XML</a>-Response zurückgeben.

Sie könnten Ihren XML-Inhalt als String in eine `Response` einfügen und sie zurückgeben:

```Python hl_lines="1  18"

Ahora, veamos cómo puedes usarlo para devolver una respuesta personalizada.

Digamos que quieres devolver una respuesta <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML" class="external-link" target="_blank">XML</a>.

Podrías poner tu contenido XML en un string, ponerlo en una `Response` y devolverlo:

```Python hl_lines="1  18"