You can declare a parameter of type `Response` in your *path operation function* (as you can do for cookies).

And then you can set headers in that *temporal* response object.

{* ../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial002_py39.py hl[1, 7:8] *}

And then you can return any object you need, as you normally would (a `dict`, a database model, etc).

Делать это следует после добавления всех *операций пути*.

{* ../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial002_py39.py hl[2, 12:21, 24] *}

/// tip | Совет

Если вы вызываете `app.openapi()` вручную, обновите `operationId` до этого.

///

/// warning | Предупреждение

# Testing WebSockets { #testing-websockets }

You can use the same `TestClient` to test WebSockets.

For this, you use the `TestClient` in a `with` statement, connecting to the WebSocket:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002_py39.py hl[27:31] *}

/// note

For more details, check Starlette's documentation for <a href="https://www.starlette.dev/testclient/#testing-websocket-sessions" class="external-link" target="_blank">testing WebSockets</a>.

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.advanced_middleware.tutorial002_py39 import app


def test_middleware():
    client = TestClient(app, base_url="http://example.com")
    response = client.get("/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    client = TestClient(app, base_url="http://subdomain.example.com")
    response = client.get("/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

Sie können den schon bekannten `TestClient` zum Testen von WebSockets verwenden.

Dazu verwenden Sie den `TestClient` in einer `with`-Anweisung, eine Verbindung zum WebSocket herstellend:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002_py39.py hl[27:31] *}

/// note | Hinweis

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.behind_a_proxy.tutorial002_py39 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_main():
    response = client.get("/app")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {"message": "Hello World", "root_path": "/api/v1"}


def test_openapi():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {

from ...utils import needs_py310


@pytest.fixture(
    name="client",
    params=[
        pytest.param("tutorial002_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial002_py310", marks=needs_py310),
        pytest.param("tutorial002_an_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial002_an_py310", marks=needs_py310),
        pytest.param("tutorial003_py39"),
        pytest.param("tutorial003_py310", marks=needs_py310),
        pytest.param("tutorial003_an_py39"),

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from docs_src.metadata.tutorial002_py39 import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_items():
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == [{"name": "Foo"}]


def test_get_openapi_json_default_url():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 404, response.text

Você pode usar o mesmo `TestClient` para testar WebSockets.

Para isso, você utiliza o `TestClient` dentro de uma instrução `with`, conectando com o WebSocket:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002_py39.py hl[27:31] *}

/// note | Nota

# Probando WebSockets { #testing-websockets }

Puedes usar el mismo `TestClient` para probar WebSockets.

Para esto, usas el `TestClient` en un statement `with`, conectándote al WebSocket:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002_py39.py hl[27:31] *}

/// note | Nota