public static <E extends @Nullable Object> ArrayList<E> newArrayList(
      Iterable<? extends E> elements) {
    checkNotNull(elements); // for GWT
    // Let ArrayList's sizing logic work, if possible
    return (elements instanceof Collection)
        ? new ArrayList<>((Collection<? extends E>) elements)
        : newArrayList(elements.iterator());
  }

  /**

}

// ServiceFreeze freezes all S3 API calls when 'freeze' is true,
// 'freeze' is 'false' would resume all S3 API calls again.
// NOTE: once a tenant is frozen either two things needs to
// happen before resuming normal operations.
//   - Server needs to be restarted 'mc admin service restart'
//   - 'freeze' should be set to 'false' for this call
//     to resume normal operations.

  There was a table set out under a tree in front of the house,
and the March Hare and the Hatter were having tea at it:  a
Dormouse was sitting between them, fast asleep, and the other two
were using it as a cushion, resting their elbows on it, and talking
over its head.  `Very uncomfortable for the Dormouse,' thought Alice;
`only, as it's asleep, I suppose it doesn't mind.'

  The table was a large one, but the three were all crowded

https://developer.paciellogroup.com/blog/2018/03/focus-visible-and-backwards-compatibility/\n[tabindex=\"-1\"]:focus:not(:focus-visible) {\n  outline: 0 !important;\n}\n\n\n// Content grouping\n//\n// 1. Add the correct box sizing in Firefox.\n// 2. Show the overflow in Edge and IE.\n\nhr {\n  box-sizing: content-box; // 1\n  height: 0; // 1\n  overflow: visible; // 2\n}\n\n\n//\n// Typography\n//\n\n// Remove top margins from headings\n//\n// By default, `<h1>`-`<h6>` all receive top and bottom margins. We nuke...

```

...calling the path `/items/invalidnone` will raise an error, because `None` is not a valid type for the `response_model` declared with `Item`.

You could also be implicitly returning `None` without realizing, for example:

```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: Optional[float] = None