* eagerly fetches data for each source when iterated (rather than producing sources that only
   * load data through their streams). Prefer using the {@link #concat(Iterable)} overload if
   * possible.
   *
   * @param sources the sources to concatenate
   * @return a {@code CharSource} containing the concatenated data
   * @throws NullPointerException if any of {@code sources} is {@code null}

     * Wrapper<Number>, Wrapper<Integer>, Wrapper<@Nullable Integer>, etc. If we used just
     * Equivalence<? super T> below, no type could satisfy both that bound and T's own
     * bound. With this type, they have some overlap: in our example, Equivalence<Number>
     * and Equivalence<Object>.
     */
    private final Equivalence<? super @NonNull T> equivalence;

    @ParametricNullness private final T reference;

            /* Yes, there is the potential to drop packets
             * because we might close the socket during a
             * request. However the chances are slim and the
             * retry code should ensure the overall request
             * is serviced. The alternative complicates things
             * more than I think is worth it.
             */

            if (socket != null) {
                socket.close();

      return delegate;
    }

    @Override
    public int size() {
      return delegate.size() + delta;
    }
  }

  @SuppressWarnings("JoinIterableIterator") // explicitly testing iterator overload, too
  public void testNoSpecialNullBehavior() {
    checkNoOutput(J, iterable);
    checkResult(J, iterable1, "1");
    checkResult(J, iterable12, "1-2");
    checkResult(J, iterable123, "1-2-3");

    testBytes(numBytes, expectedCount, 0, -1);
  }

  /**
   * Helper to run the loop to test all the permutations for the number of bytes specified. This
   * overload is useful for debugging to get the loop to start at a certain character.
   *
   * @param numBytes the number of bytes in the byte array
   * @param expectedCount the expected number of roundtrippable permutations

            counter.addAndGet(1024);
        }

        long end = System.nanoTime();
        double totalTimeMs = (end - start) / 1_000_000.0;

        System.out.printf("Overall Performance Test: completed in %.2f ms%n", totalTimeMs);

        // Should complete very quickly with all optimizations
        assertTrue(totalTimeMs < 100, "All operations should complete quickly with performance fixes");

             * Yes, there is the potential to drop packets
             * because we might close the socket during a
             * request. However the chances are slim and the
             * retry code should ensure the overall request
             * is serviced. The alternative complicates things
             * more than I think is worth it.
             */

            if (this.socket != null) {
                this.socket.close();

   * @param unit the unit that {@code duration} is expressed in
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code duration} is not positive
   * @since 2.0
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // Prefer the Duration overload
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Supplier<T> memoizeWithExpiration(
      Supplier<T> delegate, long duration, TimeUnit unit) {
    checkNotNull(delegate);

   * @param unit the unit that {@code duration} is expressed in
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code duration} is not positive
   * @since 2.0
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // Prefer the Duration overload
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object> Supplier<T> memoizeWithExpiration(
      Supplier<T> delegate, long duration, TimeUnit unit) {
    checkNotNull(delegate);

   *
   * <p><b>{@code Stream} equivalent:</b> {@link java.util.stream.Stream#of(Object[])
   * Stream.of(T...)}.
   *
   * @since 20.0 (since 18.0 as an overload of {@code of})
   */
  public static <E extends @Nullable Object> FluentIterable<E> from(E[] elements) {
    return from(Arrays.asList(elements));
  }

  /**