🐍 3️⃣.6️⃣ & 🔛 (✅ 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣) 👆 💪 📣 ⚫️ 🏭 & ⚙️ `Optional` ⚪️➡️ `typing` 🕹.

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!}
```

⚙️ `Optional[str]` ↩️ `str` 🔜 ➡️ 👨‍🎨 ℹ 👆 🔍 ❌ 🌐❔ 👆 💪 🤔 👈 💲 🕧 `str`, 🕐❔ ⚫️ 💪 🤙 `None` 💁‍♂️.

`Optional[Something]` 🤙 ⌨ `Union[Something, None]`, 👫 🌓.

👉 ⛓ 👈 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣, 👆 💪 ⚙️ `Something | None`:

@REM
@REM   JAVA_HOME           (Optional) Points to a Java installation.
@REM   MAVEN_BATCH_ECHO    (Optional) Set to 'on' to enable the echoing of the batch commands.
@REM   MAVEN_BATCH_PAUSE   (Optional) set to 'on' to wait for a key stroke before ending.
@REM   MAVEN_OPTS          (Optional) Java runtime options used when Maven is executed.
@REM   MAVEN_SKIP_RC       (Optional) Flag to disable loading of mavenrc files.

        return versionRange.isSelectedVersionKnown(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void setOptional(boolean optional) {
        this.optional = optional;
    }

            .addValue(Collections.emptyMap())
            .addValue(null)
            .add(SHORT_NAME, Optional.of("1"))
            .add(LONG_NAME, Optional.of("1"))
            .add(SHORT_NAME, Optional.absent())
            .add(LONG_NAME, Optional.absent())
            .add(SHORT_NAME, Optional.of("2"))
            .add(SHORT_NAME, Optional.absent())
            .addValue(null)
            .add(SHORT_NAME, new int[] {1})

   * @throws NullPointerException if any element in the stream is {@code null}.
   * @return {@code Optional.of(onlyElement)} if the stream has exactly one element (must not be
   *     {@code null}) and returns {@code Optional.empty()} if it has none.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public static <T> Collector<T, ?, Optional<T>> toOptional() {
    return (Collector) TO_OPTIONAL;
  }

    checkNotNull(valueComparator);
    return Comparator.<Optional<T>, @Nullable T>comparing(
        o -> orElseNull(o), Comparator.nullsLast(valueComparator));
  }

  // For discussion of why this exists, see the Android flavor.
  private static <T> @Nullable T orElseNull(Optional<T> optional) {
    return optional.orElse(null);
  }

  /**

   * Point ::= SEQUENCE {
   *   x [0] INTEGER OPTIONAL,
   *   y [1] INTEGER OPTIONAL
   * }
   * ```
   *
   * You may also specify a tag class like [DerHeader.TAG_CLASS_APPLICATION]. The default tag class
   * is [DerHeader.TAG_CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC].
   *
   * ```
   * Point ::= SEQUENCE {
   *   x [APPLICATION 0] INTEGER OPTIONAL,
   *   y [APPLICATION 1] INTEGER OPTIONAL
   * }
   * ```
   */
  fun withTag(

    public <T> T lookup(Class<T> type, String name) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public <T> Optional<T> lookupOptional(Class<T> type) {
        return Optional.empty();
    }

    @Override
    public <T> Optional<T> lookupOptional(Class<T> type, String name) {
        return Optional.empty();
    }

    @Override
    public <T> List<T> lookupList(Class<T> type) {
        return List.of();
    }

```

////

#### Using `Union` or `Optional` { #using-union-or-optional }

If you are using a Python version below 3.10, here's a tip from my very **subjective** point of view:

* 🚨 Avoid using `Optional[SomeType]`
* Instead ✨ **use `Union[SomeType, None]`** ✨.

```
KEY:
notify_elasticsearch[:name]  publish bucket notifications to Elasticsearch endpoints

ARGS:
url*         (url)                Elasticsearch server's address, with optional authentication info
index*       (string)             Elasticsearch index to store/update events, index is auto-created