* If the input array is {@code null}, an empty stream is returned.
     *
     * @param <T> The type of elements in the stream.
     * @param values The elements to be included in the stream. Can be {@code null}.
     * @return A {@link StreamOf} instance containing the provided values, or an empty stream if {@code values} is {@code null}.
     */
    @SafeVarargs

     *
     * @param u the URL string to extract host from
     * @return the host name, or empty string if URL is blank, or unknown hostname if parsing fails
     */
    default String getHost(final String u) {
        if (StringUtil.isBlank(u)) {
            return StringUtil.EMPTY; // empty
        }

        String url = u;
        final String originalUrl = url;

        int idx = url.indexOf("://");

  }

  public void testEmptiesFirst() {
    Optional<String> empty = Optional.empty();
    Optional<String> abc = Optional.of("abc");
    Optional<String> z = Optional.of("z");

    Comparator<Optional<String>> comparator = emptiesFirst(comparing(String::length));
    testComparator(comparator, empty, z, abc);

    // Just demonstrate that no explicit type parameter is required

// [Scanner] to read more data into the slice and try again with a
// longer slice starting at the same point in the input.
//
// The function is never called with an empty data slice unless atEOF
// is true. If atEOF is true, however, data may be non-empty and,
// as always, holds unprocessed text.
type SplitFunc func(data []byte, atEOF bool) (advance int, token []byte, err error)

// Errors returned by Scanner.
var (

        // Test with empty source array
        dest = new byte[8];
        nextOffset = NtlmMessage.writeSecurityBuffer(dest, 0, new byte[0]);
        assertEquals(4, nextOffset, "Should return correct next offset for empty source.");
        assertEquals(0, NtlmMessage.readUShort(dest, 0), "Length should be 0 for empty source.");

func (b *Buffer) Peek(n int) ([]byte, error) {
	if b.Len() < n {
		return b.buf[b.off:], io.EOF
	}
	return b.buf[b.off : b.off+n], nil
}

// empty reports whether the unread portion of the buffer is empty.
func (b *Buffer) empty() bool { return len(b.buf) <= b.off }

// Len returns the number of bytes of the unread portion of the buffer;
// b.Len() == len(b.Bytes()).

      assertThat(expected.message).isEqualTo("Code 1005 is reserved and may not be used.")
    }
  }

  @Test fun serverEmptyPing() {
    serverWriter.writePing(EMPTY)
    assertData("8900")
  }

  @Test fun clientEmptyPing() {
    clientWriter.writePing(EMPTY)
    assertData("898060b420bb")
  }

  @Test fun serverPingWithPayload() {
    serverWriter.writePing("Hello".encodeUtf8())
    assertData("890548656c6c6f")

      }
    } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
    }

    boolean empty;
    if (effectiveRange.isEmpty()) {
      empty = true;
    } else {
      /*
       * requireNonNull is safe because the effectiveRange operations above would have thrown or
       * effectiveRange.isEmpty() would have returned true.
       */

     *
     * @return the application type string, or empty string if not set
     */
    public static String getAppType() {
        final String appType = System.getenv(FESS_APP_TYPE);
        if (StringUtil.isNotBlank(appType)) {
            return appType;
        }
        return StringUtil.EMPTY;
    }

    /**

        assertArrayEquals(emptyHash, avChannelBindings.getRaw(), "Value should be an empty array when empty hash is provided");
    }

    /**
     * Test that the constructor stores the reference to the input byte array.
     * Note: The implementation does not create a defensive copy.
     */
    @Test
    void testConstructorStoresReference() {