dst[offset++] = e;
    }
    return offset;
  }

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible
    Object writeReplace() {
    // We serialize by default to ImmutableList, the simplest thing that works.
    return new ImmutableList.SerializedForm(toArray());
  }

  @J2ktIncompatible // serialization
  private void readObject(ObjectInputStream stream) throws InvalidObjectException {

If we had declared `-> HeroPublic`, your editor and linter would complain (rightfully so) that you are returning a `Hero` instead of a `HeroPublic`.

By declaring it in `response_model` we are telling **FastAPI** to do its thing, without interfering with the type annotations and the help from your editor and other tools.

///

### Read Heroes with `HeroPublic` { #read-heroes-with-heropublic }

   * even for funny strings composed by (possibly unmatched, and mostly illegal) surrogate
   * characters. (But doesn't test that they do the right thing - just their consistency).
   */
  private static void assertHashStringWithSurrogatesEquivalence(
      HashFunction hashFunction, Random random) {
    int size = random.nextInt(8) + 1;
    char[] chars = new char[size];

   * even for funny strings composed by (possibly unmatched, and mostly illegal) surrogate
   * characters. (But doesn't test that they do the right thing - just their consistency).
   */
  private static void assertHashStringWithSurrogatesEquivalence(
      HashFunction hashFunction, Random random) {
    int size = random.nextInt(8) + 1;
    char[] chars = new char[size];

     * parts other than the last may begin with a digit (for example, "3com.com"). It's important to
     * disallow an initial digit in the last part; it's the only thing that stops an IPv4 numeric
     * address like 127.0.0.1 from looking like a valid domain name.
     */

    if (isFinalPart && DIGIT_MATCHER.matches(part.charAt(0))) {
      return false;
    }

This decoupling of parts, and being a "microframework" that could be extended to cover exactly what is needed was a key feature that I wanted to keep.

Given the simplicity of Flask, it seemed like a good match for building APIs. The next thing to find was a "Django REST Framework" for Flask.

/// check | Inspired **FastAPI** to

Be a micro-framework. Making it easy to mix and match the tools and parts needed.

Have a simple and easy to use routing system.

 *   <li>As a convenience, the {@code main} of this class (JSR166TestCase) runs all JSR166 unit
 *       tests.
 * </ul>
 */
@SuppressWarnings({
  // We call threadUnexpectedException, which does the right thing for errors.
  "AssertionFailureIgnored",
  // We're following the upstream naming to reduce diffs.
  "IdentifierName",
  "ConstantCaseForConstants",
})
@NullUnmarked

   */
  private static int chooseNextSelection(
      int[] allRequired, int requiredFrom, int requiredTo, int from, int to) {
    if (requiredFrom == requiredTo) {
      return requiredFrom; // only one thing to choose, so choose it
    }

    // Find the center and round down. The true center is either centerFloor or halfway between
    // centerFloor and centerFloor + 1.
    int centerFloor = (from + to) >>> 1;

        }
    }
    throw new AssertionError("impossible");
  }

  /**
   * Returns the closest representable {@code long} to the absolute value of {@code x}.
   *
   * <p>This is the same thing as the true absolute value of {@code x} except in the case when
   * {@code x} is {@link Long#MIN_VALUE}, in which case this returns {@link Long#MAX_VALUE}. (Note

    testServerPrematureDisconnect(TransferKind.CHUNKED)
  }

  @Test
  fun serverDisconnectsPrematurelyWithNoLengthHeaders() {
    // Intentionally empty. This case doesn't make sense because there's no
    // such thing as a premature disconnect when the disconnect itself
    // indicates the end of the data stream.
  }

  private fun testServerPrematureDisconnect(transferKind: TransferKind) {