assertEquals((byte) 0x00, SMBUtil.SMB2_HEADER[5]);
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @CsvSource({ "0, 0", "1, 1", "255, 255", "256, 256", "65535, 65535", "65536, 0", // Overflow test for 2-byte write
            "16777215, 16777215" })
    void testWriteReadInt2RoundTrip(long input, int expected) {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[4];
        SMBUtil.writeInt2(input, buffer, 0);

        int written = request.writeBytesWireFormat(buffer, 0);

        assertEquals(24, written);
        assertEquals(24, SMBUtil.readInt2(buffer, 0));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test buffer overflow protection")
    void testBufferOverflowProtection() {
        byte[] smallBuffer = new byte[23]; // One byte too small

        // Should throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

    assertEquals(
        "The mean of x and y should equal the mean of y and x", expectedMean, IntMath.mean(y, x));
  }

  /**
   * Computes the mean in a way that is obvious and resilient to overflow by using BigInteger
   * arithmetic.
   */
  private static int computeMeanSafely(int x, int y) {
    BigInteger bigX = BigInteger.valueOf(x);
    BigInteger bigY = BigInteger.valueOf(y);

        // When/Then
        assertThrows(Exception.class, () -> {
            Smb2TransformHeader.decode(shortBuffer, 0);
        });
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should handle buffer overflow during encode")
    void testBufferOverflowEncode() {
        // Given
        byte[] shortBuffer = new byte[20]; // Too short for transform header

  public static final UnsignedInteger MAX_VALUE = fromIntBits(-1);

  private final int value;

  private UnsignedInteger(int value) {
    // GWT doesn't consistently overflow values to make them 32-bit, so we need to force it.
    this.value = value & 0xffffffff;
  }

  /**
   * Returns an {@code UnsignedInteger} corresponding to a given bit representation. The argument is

    }
    return result.readUtf8()
  }

  /** Used for tags and subidentifiers. */
  private fun readVariableLengthLong(): Long {
    // TODO(jwilson): detect overflow.
    var result = 0L
    while (true) {
      val byteN = source.readByte().toLong() and 0xff
      if ((byteN and 0b1000_0000L) == 0b1000_0000L) {
        result = (result + (byteN and 0b0111_1111)) shl 7

  }

  @GwtIncompatible // different overflow behavior; could probably be made to work by using ~~
  public void testConcat_overflow_negative() {
    int dim1 = 1 << 16;
    int dim2 = 1 << 15;
    assertThat(dim1 * dim2).isLessThan(0);
    testConcatOverflow(dim1, dim2);
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // different overflow behavior; could probably be made to work by using ~~

  }

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // threads
  public void testOverflowTimeout() throws Exception {
    // First, sanity check that naive multiplication would really overflow to a negative number:
    long nanosPerSecond = NANOSECONDS.convert(1, SECONDS);
    assertThat(nanosPerSecond * Long.MAX_VALUE).isLessThan(0L);

    accumulator.add(ONE_VALUE, OTHER_ONE_VALUE);
    for (int power = 1; power < Long.SIZE - 1; power++) {
      accumulator.addAll(accumulator.snapshot());
    }
    // Should overflow without throwing.
    accumulator.addAll(accumulator.snapshot());
    assertThat(accumulator.count()).isLessThan(0L);
  }

  public void testXStats() {

  public static <E extends @Nullable Object> ArrayList<E> newArrayList(E... elements) {
    checkNotNull(elements); // for GWT
    // Avoid integer overflow when a large array is passed in
    int capacity = computeArrayListCapacity(elements.length);
    ArrayList<E> list = new ArrayList<>(capacity);
    Collections.addAll(list, elements);
    return list;
  }