// The implementation doesn't check for null in constructor
            buffer = new DfsReferralRequestBuffer(path, maxReferralLevel);
            assertNotNull(buffer);

            // Will throw NPE when trying to call size() or encode()
            assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
                buffer.size();
            });
        }

        @ParameterizedTest

    void testConstructorWithNullDelegate() {
        // When & Then
        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
            new DelegatingConfiguration(null);
        }, "Constructor should accept null delegate (though it would cause NPE on use)");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Constructor should store delegate reference")
    void testConstructorStoresDelegate() {
        // Given
        Configuration testDelegate = mock(Configuration.class);

    ContainsBothWithMultisetFirst reMultisetFirst = reserialize(multisetFirst);
    assertThat(reMultisetFirst.a.isEmpty()).isFalse();
    // The following NPE is a side effect of our changes to avoid mutating `final` fields.
    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> reMultisetFirst.z.multiset.isEmpty());

    ContainsBothWithContainsMultisetFirst reContainsMultisetFirst =

    if (ownerType == null) {
      return newParameterizedType(rawType, arguments);
    }
    // ParameterizedTypeImpl constructor already checks, but we want to throw NPE before IAE
    checkNotNull(arguments);
    checkArgument(rawType.getEnclosingClass() != null, "Owner type for unenclosed %s", rawType);
    return new ParameterizedTypeImpl(ownerType, rawType, arguments);
  }

        } catch (final CrawlingAccessException e) {
            // ok
        }
    }

    public void test_accessTimeout_null_safety() {
        // Test that accessTimeoutTask null check prevents NPE
        StorageClient client = new StorageClient() {
            @Override
            protected ResponseData processRequest(final String uri, final boolean includeContent) {

        } catch (final CrawlingAccessException e) {
            // ok
        }
    }

    public void test_accessTimeout_null_safety() {
        // Test that accessTimeoutTask null check prevents NPE
        GcsClient client = new GcsClient() {
            @Override
            protected ResponseData processRequest(final String uri, final boolean includeContent) {

            if (server != null) {
                server.stop();
            }
        }
    }

    public void test_accessTimeout_null_safety() {
        // Test that accessTimeoutTask null check prevents NPE
        FtpClient client = new FtpClient() {
            @Override
            protected ResponseData getResponseData(final String uri, final boolean includeContent) {
                // Simulate quick completion before timeout

            lenient().doNothing().when(mockBuffer).enc_ndr_small(anyInt());

            DcerpcBind bindWithParams = new DcerpcBind(mockBinding, mockHandle);

            // When/Then - Expect NPE due to UUID.encode() limitations
            assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> {
                bindWithParams.encode_in(mockBuffer);
            }, "Should fail on UUID encoding");
        }
    }

        doThrow(new AssertionError("ensureOpen should not be called")).when(raf).ensureOpen();
        raf.write(new byte[1], 0, 0);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Null inputs: read(byte[]) and write* with nulls throw NPE")
    void nullInputs_throwNPE() throws Exception {
        SmbRandomAccessFile raf = newInstance("rw", false, true, false);
        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> raf.read((byte[]) null));

  }

  public void testEquals_otherSetContainsThrows() {
    new EqualsTester()
        .addEqualityGroup(new SetContainsThrows())
        .addEqualityGroup(intersection(singleton(null), singleton(null))) // NPE
        .addEqualityGroup(intersection(singleton(0), singleton(0))) // CCE
        .testEquals();
  }

  /** Returns a {@link Set} with a {@link Set#size()} of {@code size}. */