from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Header

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(user_agent: Annotated[str | None, Header()] = None):

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(ads_id: Annotated[Union[str, None], Cookie()] = None):

    [
        ("/items", None, 200, {"ads_id": None}),
        ("/items", {"ads_id": "ads_track"}, 200, {"ads_id": "ads_track"}),
        (
            "/items",
            {"ads_id": "ads_track", "session": "cookiesession"},
            200,
            {"ads_id": "ads_track"},
        ),
        ("/items", {"session": "cookiesession"}, 200, {"ads_id": None}),
    ],
)

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str | None = None
    price: float
    tax: float = 10.5


items = {
    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The Bar fighters", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},
    "baz": {
        "name": "Baz",
        "description": "There goes my baz",

from typing import Annotated, Union

from fastapi import FastAPI, Header

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(user_agent: Annotated[Union[str, None], Header()] = None):

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI, Header

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(
    strange_header: Union[str, None] = Header(default=None, convert_underscores=False),
):

from typing import Annotated

from fastapi import FastAPI, Header

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(x_token: Annotated[list[str] | None, Header()] = None):

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(q: Union[list[str], None] = Query(default=None)):
    query_items = {"q": q}

`Optional[Something]` насправді є скороченням для `Union[Something, None]`, вони еквівалентні.

Це також означає, що в Python 3.10 ви можете використовувати `Something | None`:

//// tab | Python 3.8 і вище

```Python hl_lines="1  4"
{!> ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!}
```

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(q: Union[str, None] = None):
    results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})