from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```

### Dockerfile { #dockerfile }

Erstellen Sie nun im selben Projektverzeichnis eine Datei `Dockerfile` mit:

```{ .dockerfile .annotate }
# (1)!

次の章では、FastAPIアプリケーションをデプロイするための**具体的なレシピ**を紹介します。

しかし、今はこれらの重要な**コンセプトに基づくアイデア**を確認しましょう。これらのコンセプトは、他のどのタイプのWeb APIにも当てはまります。💡

## セキュリティ - HTTPS

<!-- NOTE: https.md written in Japanese does not exist, so it redirects to English one  -->
[前チャプターのHTTPSについて](https.md){.internal-link target=_blank}では、HTTPSがどのようにAPIを暗号化するのかについて学びました。

func loadFormatErasure(disk StorageAPI, heal bool) (format *formatErasureV3, err error) {
	data, err := disk.ReadAll(context.TODO(), minioMetaBucket, formatConfigFile)
	if err != nil {
		// 'file not found' and 'volume not found' as
		// same. 'volume not found' usually means its a fresh disk.
		if errors.Is(err, errFileNotFound) || errors.Is(err, errVolumeNotFound) {
			return nil, errUnformattedDisk
		}
		return nil, err
	}

This will be especially useful when you use it in a **large code base** where you use **the same dependencies** over and over again in **many *path operations***.

## To `async` or not to `async` { #to-async-or-not-to-async }

As dependencies will also be called by **FastAPI** (the same as your *path operation functions*), the same rules apply while defining your functions.

You can use `async def` or normal `def`.

                    result = res;
                } else if (field.getType() == Node.class) {
                    result = res.getRoot();
                } else if (field.getType() == List.class && field.getGenericType() instanceof ParameterizedType pt) {
                    Type t = pt.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
                    if (t == Node.class) {
                        result = res.getNodes();

infrastructure that runs MinIO is configured correctly, and is functioning properly. This test is one-shot long running one, that is recommended to be run as soon as the cluster is first provisioned, and each time a failure scenario is encountered. Note that the test incurs majority of the available resources on the system. Care must be taken when using this to debug failure scenario, so as to prevent larger outages. Health tests can be triggered using `mc support diagnostics` command.

Example:...

```

////

Em ambos os casos, isso significa que `item` poderia ser um `int` ou um `str`.

#### Possivelmente `None` { #possibly-none }

Você pode declarar que um valor pode ter um tipo, como `str`, mas que ele também pode ser `None`.

No Python 3.6 e superior (incluindo o Python 3.10) você pode declará-lo importando e utilizando `Optional` do módulo `typing`.

```Python hl_lines="1  4"

    /// note | Nota

    El `--no-cache-dir` está relacionado solo con `pip`, no tiene nada que ver con Docker o contenedores.

    ///

    La opción `--upgrade` le dice a `pip` que actualice los paquetes si ya están instalados.

通过声明变量的类型，编辑器和一些工具能给你提供更好的支持。

这只是一个关于 Python 类型提示的**快速入门 / 复习**。它仅涵盖与 **FastAPI** 一起使用所需的最少部分...实际上只有很少一点。

整个 **FastAPI** 都基于这些类型提示构建，它们带来了许多优点和好处。

但即使你不会用到 **FastAPI**，了解一下类型提示也会让你从中受益。

/// note

如果你已经精通 Python，并且了解关于类型提示的一切知识，直接跳到下一章节吧。

///

## 动机

让我们从一个简单的例子开始：

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial001.py *}


运行这段程序将输出：

```
John Doe
```

这个函数做了下面这些事情：

	// see the space itself. Note that text/scanner reports the position at the
	// end of the token. It's where you are now, and you just read this token.
	if tok == '(' && in.Stack.Col() == prevCol+1 {
		// Macro has arguments. Scan list of formals.
		acceptArg := true
		args = []string{} // Zero length but not nil.
	Loop:
		for {
			tok = in.Stack.Next()
			switch tok {