assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "item_id": 5,
        "item": {"name": "Foo", "price": 3.0, "description": None, "tax": None},
    }


@needs_py39
def test_items_6(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put(
        "/items/6",
        json={
            "item": {
                "name": "Bar",

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

import orjson
from fastapi import FastAPI, Response

app = FastAPI()


class CustomORJSONResponse(Response):
    media_type = "application/json"

    def render(self, content: Any) -> bytes:
        assert orjson is not None, "orjson must be installed"
        return orjson.dumps(content, option=orjson.OPT_INDENT_2)


@app.get("/", response_class=CustomORJSONResponse)
async def main():

{!> ../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_an.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.10+ non-Annotated

/// tip

尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。

///

```Python hl_lines="1  2  11-15"
{!> ../../docs_src/extra_data_types/tutorial001_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+ non-Annotated

/// tip

尽可能选择使用 `Annotated` 的版本。

///

```Python hl_lines="1  2  12-16"

	var xl xlMetaV2
	if err = xl.LoadOrConvert(data); err != nil {
		b.Fatal(err)
	}

	vers := make([][]xlMetaV2ShallowVersion, 16)
	for i := range vers {
		vers[i] = xl.versions
	}

	b.Run("requested-none", func(b *testing.B) {
		b.ReportAllocs()
		b.ResetTimer()
		b.SetBytes(855) // number of versions...
		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
			mergeXLV2Versions(8, false, 0, vers...)
		}
	})

        c.cookies.set("session_id", "123")
        response = c.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "session_id": "123",
        "fatebook_tracker": None,
        "googall_tracker": None,
    }


def test_cookie_param_model_invalid(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 422
    assert response.json() == snapshot(

        {
            "detail": [
                {
                    "type": "missing",
                    "loc": ["body", "files"],
                    "msg": "Field required",
                    "input": None,
                }
            ]
        }
    ) | IsDict(
        # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
        {
            "detail": [
                {
                    "loc": ["body", "files"],

If you want to disable the OpenAPI schema completely you can set `openapi_url=None`, that will also disable the documentation user interfaces that use it.

## Docs URLs

You can configure the two documentation user interfaces included:

* **Swagger UI**: served at `/docs`.
    * You can set its URL with the parameter `docs_url`.
    * You can disable it by setting `docs_url=None`.
* **ReDoc**: served at `/redoc`.

  return !str;
};


/**
 * @param {?string} str
 * @return {string} Original str, if it is non-null. Otherwise empty string.
 */
Platform.nullToEmpty = function(str) {
  return str || "";
};


/**
 * @param {?string} str
 * @return {string} Original str, if it is non-empty. Otherwise null;
 */
Platform.emptyToNull = function(str) {
  return str || null;

)

var (
	errKeyLookup                  = errors.New("Cannot look up key in non-object value")
	errIndexLookup                = errors.New("Cannot look up array index in non-array value")
	errWildcardObjectLookup       = errors.New("Object wildcard used on non-object value")
	errWildcardArrayLookup        = errors.New("Array wildcard used on non-array value")
	errWildcardObjectUsageInvalid = errors.New("Invalid usage of object wildcard")
)