# 使用密碼（與雜湊）的 OAuth2、以 Bearer 搭配 JWT 權杖 { #oauth2-with-password-and-hashing-bearer-with-jwt-tokens }

現在我們已經有完整的安全流程了，接下來用 <abbr title="JSON Web Tokens - JSON 網路權杖">JWT</abbr> 權杖與安全的密碼雜湊，讓應用真正安全。

這份程式碼可以直接用在你的應用中，把密碼雜湊存進資料庫等等。

我們會從上一章的內容繼續往下擴充。

## 關於 JWT { #about-jwt }

JWT 的意思是「JSON Web Tokens」。

它是一種把 JSON 物件編碼成一段長且緊密（沒有空白）的字串的標準。看起來像這樣：

```

# 使用密码（及哈希）的 OAuth2，基于 JWT 的 Bearer 令牌 { #oauth2-with-password-and-hashing-bearer-with-jwt-tokens }

现在我们已经有了完整的安全流程，接下来用 <abbr title="JSON Web Tokens - JSON Web 令牌">JWT</abbr> 令牌和安全的密码哈希，让应用真正安全起来。

这些代码可以直接用于你的应用，你可以把密码哈希保存到数据库中，等等。

我们将从上一章结束的地方继续，逐步完善。

## 关于 JWT { #about-jwt }

JWT 意为 “JSON Web Tokens”。

它是一种标准，把一个 JSON 对象编码成没有空格、很密集的一长串字符串。看起来像这样：

```

        }
        resultData.setEncoding(charsetName);
    }

    /**
     * Normalizes the extracted data, particularly handling title normalization.
     *
     * @param responseData the response data from crawling
     * @param dataMap the data map containing extracted field values
     */

/// tip

You could use any other SQL or NoSQL database library you want (in some cases called <abbr title="Object Relational Mapper: a fancy term for a library where some classes represent SQL tables and instances represent rows in those tables">"ORMs"</abbr>), FastAPI doesn't force you to use anything. 😎

///

			</component>
		</property>
		<property name="propertyMap">
			<component class="java.util.LinkedHashMap">
			</component>
		</property>
		<postConstruct name="addMetadata">
			<arg>"title"</arg>
			<arg>"//TITLE"</arg>
		</postConstruct>
	</component>
	<component name="xmlExtractor"
		class="org.codelibs.fess.crawler.extractor.impl.XmlExtractor" />
	<component name="htmlXpathExtractor"

                                },
                            },
                            "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
                            "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
                            "input": {"title": "Input"},
                            "ctx": {"title": "Context", "type": "object"},
                        },
                    },

                "schemas": {
                    "Item": {
                        "title": "Item",
                        "required": ["id", "value"],
                        "type": "object",
                        "properties": {
                            "id": {"title": "Id", "type": "string"},
                            "value": {"title": "Value", "type": "string"},
                        },
                    },

                                },
                            },
                            "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
                            "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
                            "input": {"title": "Input"},
                            "ctx": {"title": "Context", "type": "object"},
                        },
                    },

                        "title": "Product",
                        "required": ["name", "price"],
                        "type": "object",
                        "properties": {
                            "name": {"title": "Name", "type": "string"},
                            "description": {"title": "Description", "type": "string"},
                            "price": {"title": "Price", "type": "number"},

                                "title": "Description",
                            },
                            "price": {
                                "anyOf": [{"type": "number"}, {"type": "null"}],
                                "title": "Price",
                            },
                            "tax": {"title": "Tax", "type": "number", "default": 10.5},