```Python
from typing import Union
from fastapi import Cookie, FastAPI, Header, Path, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def main(
    item_id: int = Path(gt=0),
    query: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, max_length=10),
    session: Union[str, None] = Cookie(default=None, min_length=3),

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}
```

### Dockerfile

Ahora, en el mismo directorio del proyecto, crea un archivo `Dockerfile` con:

```{ .dockerfile .annotate }
# (1)!

{* ../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001.py hl[10] *}

/// note | 참고

경로 매개변수는 경로의 일부여야 하므로 언제나 필수적입니다.

즉, `...`로 선언해서 필수임을 나타내는게 좋습니다.

그럼에도 `None`으로 선언하거나 기본값을 지정할지라도 아무 영향을 끼치지 않으며 언제나 필수입니다.

///

## 필요한 경우 매개변수 정렬하기

`str` 형인 쿼리 매개변수 `q`를 필수로 선언하고 싶다고 해봅시다.

해당 매개변수에 대해 아무런 선언을 할 필요가 없으므로 `Query`를 정말로 써야할 필요는 없습니다.

import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import java.io.Serializable;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Utility class for converting between various ASCII case formats. Behavior is undefined for
 * non-ASCII input.
 *
 * @author Mike Bostock
 * @since 1.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
public enum CaseFormat {
  /**
   * Hyphenated variable naming convention, e.g., "lower-hyphen". This format is also colloquially

t=/firefox/i.test(f());if(/Trident/i.test(f())&&r(e)&&"fixed"===m(e).position)return null;var n=b(e);for(o(n)&&(n=n.host);r(n)&&["html","body"].indexOf(l(n))<0;){var i=m(n);if("none"!==i.transform||"none"!==i.perspective||"paint"===i.contain||-1!==["transform","perspective"].indexOf(i.willChange)||t&&"filter"===i.willChange||t&&i.filter&&"none"!==i.filter)return n;n=n.parentNode}return null}(e)||n}var D="top",A="bottom",L="right",P="left",M="auto",k=[D,A,L,P],W="start",B="end",H="viewport",T="popper",R=k.r...

    client.listener.assertClosing(1000, "Bye!")
  }

  @Test
  fun protocolErrorBeforeCloseSendsFailure() {
    server.sink.write("0a00".decodeHex()).emit() // Invalid non-final ping frame.
    client.processNextFrame() // Detects error, send close, close connection.
    taskFaker.runTasks()
    client.webSocket!!.finishReader()
    assertThat(client.closed).isTrue()

    checkPositionIndexes(fromIndex, toIndex, array.length);
    if (array.length <= 1) {
      return;
    }

    int length = toIndex - fromIndex;
    // Obtain m = (-distance mod length), a non-negative value less than "length". This is how many
    // places left to rotate.
    int m = -distance % length;
    m = (m < 0) ? m + length : m;

		{
			bucketName:         bucketName,
			accessKey:          credentials.AccessKey,
			secretKey:          credentials.SecretKey,
			expectedRespStatus: http.StatusOK,
		},
		// Test case - 2.
		// Non-existent bucket name.
		{
			bucketName:         "2333",
			accessKey:          credentials.AccessKey,
			secretKey:          credentials.SecretKey,
			expectedRespStatus: http.StatusNotFound,
		},

func TestNonExistentBucketOperations(t *testing.T) {
	ExecObjectLayerTest(t, testNonExistentBucketOperations)
}

// Tests validate that bucket operation on non-existent bucket fails.
func testNonExistentBucketOperations(obj ObjectLayer, instanceType string, t TestErrHandler) {
	var opts ObjectOptions

        assertTrue(createItem.isUpdated());
        assertEquals("newword", createItem.getNewInput());
        assertEquals("newword", createItem.toLineString());

        // Non-zero id should not auto-set newInput
        StopwordsItem existingItem = new StopwordsItem(1, "existingword");
        assertFalse(existingItem.isUpdated());
        assertNull(existingItem.getNewInput());