* ForwardingMultiset#isEmpty}, the {@link Set#size} and {@link Set#iterator} methods of {@link
   * ForwardingMultiset#entrySet}, and {@link ForwardingMultiset#remove(Object, int)}. In many
   * situations, you may wish to override {@link ForwardingMultiset#elementSet} to forward to this
   * implementation or a subclass thereof.
   *
   * @since 10.0
   */

# Advanced Middleware { #advanced-middleware }

In the main tutorial you read how to add [Custom Middleware](../tutorial/middleware.md){.internal-link target=_blank} to your application.

And then you also read how to handle [CORS with the `CORSMiddleware`](../tutorial/cors.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

In this section we'll see how to use other middlewares.

## Adding ASGI middlewares { #adding-asgi-middlewares }

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2007 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,

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### Contributor Checklist
- [ ] [Review Contribution Guidelines](https://github.com/gradle/gradle/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2007 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
 * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License

organization-specific certificate authority.

By default `HeldCertificate` instances expire after 24 hours. Use `duration()` to adjust.

By default server certificates need to identify which hostnames they're trusted for. You may add as
many as necessary with `addSubjectAlternativeName()`. This mechanism also supports a very limited
form of wildcards `*.example.com` where the `*` must be first and doesn't match nested subdomains.

Because of this, **FastAPI** itself provides an alternative API documentation (using ReDoc), which you can access at <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc</a>:

<img src="/img/tutorial/path-params/image02.png">

The same way, there are many compatible tools. Including code generation tools for many languages.

servers and 32 drives which is a total of 1024 drives. In this scenario 16 becomes the erasure set size. This is decided based on the greatest common divisor (GCD) of acceptable erasure set sizes ranging from *4 to 16*.

- *If total drives has many common divisors the algorithm chooses the minimum amounts of erasure sets possible for a erasure set size of any N*.  In the example with 1024 drives - 4, 8, 16 are GCD factors. With 16 drives we get a total of 64 possible sets, with 8 drives we get...

**FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.responses` as `fastapi.responses` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But most of the available responses come directly from Starlette.

///

### `Response` { #response }

The main `Response` class, all the other responses inherit from it.

You can return it directly.

It accepts the following parameters:

* `content` - A `str` or `bytes`.
* `status_code` - An `int` HTTP status code.