.put(NullPointerException.class, e -> e instanceof NullPointerException)
          .put(NumberFormatException.class, e -> e instanceof NumberFormatException)
          .put(RuntimeException.class, e -> e instanceof RuntimeException)
          .put(TimeoutException.class, e -> e instanceof TimeoutException)

          .put(NullPointerException.class, e -> e instanceof NullPointerException)
          .put(NumberFormatException.class, e -> e instanceof NumberFormatException)
          .put(RuntimeException.class, e -> e instanceof RuntimeException)
          .put(TimeoutException.class, e -> e instanceof TimeoutException)

from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class JsonApiResponse(JSONResponse):
    media_type = "application/vnd.api+json"


class Error(BaseModel):
    status: str
    title: str


class JsonApiError(BaseModel):
    errors: typing.List[Error]


@app.get(
    "/a/{id}",
    response_class=JsonApiResponse,

  @VisibleForTesting
  List<Class<?>> findClassesToTest(
      Iterable<? extends Class<?>> classes, Iterable<String> explicitTestNames) {
    // "a.b.Foo" -> a.b.Foo.class
    TreeMap<String, Class<?>> classMap = Maps.newTreeMap();
    for (Class<?> cls : classes) {
      classMap.put(cls.getName(), cls);
    }
    // Foo.class -> [FooTest.class, FooTests.class, FooTestSuite.class, ...]

运行示例并访问 <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/3" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/3</a>，返回的响应如下：

```JSON
{"item_id":3}
```

/// check | "检查"

注意，函数接收并返回的值是 `3`（ `int`），不是 `"3"`（`str`）。

**FastAPI** 通过类型声明自动<abbr title="将来自 HTTP 请求中的字符串转换为 Python 数据类型">**解析**请求中的数据</abbr>。

///

## 数据校验

 * }
 * public void testFooLeak() {
 *   GcFinalization.awaitClear(fooWeakRef());
 * }
 * }</pre>
 *
 * <p>This class cannot currently be used to test soft references, since this class does not try to
 * create the memory pressure required to cause soft references to be cleared.
 *
 * <p>This class only provides testing utilities. It is not designed for direct use in production or
 * for benchmarking.
 *

     * 代入可能かどうかを返します。
     *
     * @param toClass
     *            代入先のクラス。{@literal null}であってはいけません
     * @param fromClass
     *            代入元のクラス。{@literal null}であってはいけません
     * @return 代入可能かどうか
     * @see Class#isAssignableFrom(Class)
     */
    public static boolean isAssignableFrom(final Class<?> toClass, Class<?> fromClass) {
        assertArgumentNotNull("toClass", toClass);

            <div class="container-fluid">
                <div class="row mb-2">
                    <div class="col-sm-6">
                        <h1>
                            <la:message key="labels.reqheader_title_details"/>
                        </h1>
                    </div>
                    <div class="col-sm-6">
                        <jsp:include page="/WEB-INF/view/common/admin/crud/breadcrumb.jsp"></jsp:include>

        assertEquals(BooleanQuery.class, query.getClass());
        clauses = ((BooleanQuery) query).clauses();
        assertEquals(TermQuery.class, clauses.get(0).getQuery().getClass());
        assertEquals("_default:fess", clauses.get(0).getQuery().toString());
        assertEquals(Occur.MUST, clauses.get(0).getOccur());
        assertEquals(TermQuery.class, clauses.get(1).getQuery().getClass());

        CollectionAddTester.class,
        CollectionClearTester.class,
        CollectionContainsAllTester.class,
        CollectionContainsTester.class,
        CollectionCreationTester.class,
        CollectionEqualsTester.class,
        CollectionForEachTester.class,
        CollectionIsEmptyTester.class,
        CollectionIteratorTester.class,
        CollectionRemoveAllTester.class,
        CollectionRemoveIfTester.class,