}

    return empty
        ? new EmptyContiguousSet<C>(domain)
        : new RegularContiguousSet<C>(effectiveRange, domain);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a nonempty contiguous set containing all {@code int} values from {@code lower}
   * (inclusive) to {@code upper} (inclusive). (These are the same values contained in {@code
   * Range.closed(lower, upper)}.)
   *

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Security
from fastapi.security import SecurityScopes
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()


def get_user(required_scopes: SecurityScopes):
    return "john", required_scopes.scopes


def get_user_override(required_scopes: SecurityScopes):
    return "alice", required_scopes.scopes


def get_data():
    return [1, 2, 3]


def get_data_override():

from fastapi import FastAPI, Form
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class FormData(BaseModel):
    username: str
    password: str
    model_config = {"extra": "forbid"}


@app.post("/login/")
async def login(data: FormData = Form()):

        }
        // Can't map from a raw class to anything other than itself or a wildcard.
        // You can't say "assuming String is Integer".
        // And we don't support "assuming String is T"; user has to say "assuming T is String".
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("No type mapping from " + fromClass + " to " + to);
      }
    }.visit(from);
  }

  /**

You can use the convenience variables from `fastapi.status`.

{* ../../docs_src/response_status_code/tutorial002_py39.py hl[1,6] *}

They are just a convenience, they hold the same number, but that way you can use the editor's autocomplete to find them:

<img src="/img/tutorial/response-status-code/image02.png">

/// note | Technical Details

You could also use `from starlette import status`.

Para eso, usas `app.add_middleware()` (como en el ejemplo para CORS).

```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = FastAPI()

app.add_middleware(UnicornMiddleware, some_config="rainbow")
```

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.responses import FileResponse

some_file_path = "large-video-file.mp4"
app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/", response_class=FileResponse)
async def main():

from typing import Union

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(q: Union[str, None] = None):
    results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

import json
from typing import Annotated, Any, Optional

from annotated_doc import Doc
from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
from starlette.responses import HTMLResponse

swagger_ui_default_parameters: Annotated[
    dict[str, Any],
    Doc(
        """
        Default configurations for Swagger UI.

        You can use it as a template to add any other configurations needed.
        """
    ),
] = {

import logging
import secrets
import subprocess
import time
from collections import Counter
from collections.abc import Container
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Union

import httpx
import yaml
from github import Github
from pydantic import BaseModel, SecretStr
from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings

github_graphql_url = "https://api.github.com/graphql"