display: inline-block;
}

a.external-link::after {
  /* \00A0 is a non-breaking space
        to make the mark be on the same line as the link
    */
  content: "\00A0[↪]";
}

a.internal-link::after {
  /* \00A0 is a non-breaking space
        to make the mark be on the same line as the link
    */
  content: "\00A0↪";
}

.shadow {
  box-shadow: 5px 5px 10px #999;
}

You could also use `from starlette.requests import Request` and `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.

**FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.responses` as `fastapi.responses` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But most of the available responses come directly from Starlette. The same with `Request`.

///

## Override the default exception handlers { #override-the-default-exception-handlers }

* **Machine Learning**: it normally requires lots of "matrix" and "vector" multiplications. Think of a huge spreadsheet with numbers and multiplying all of them together at the same time.

If the passwords don't match, we return the same error.

#### Password hashing { #password-hashing }

"Hashing" means: converting some content (a password in this case) into a sequence of bytes (just a string) that looks like gibberish.

Whenever you pass exactly the same content (exactly the same password) you get exactly the same gibberish.

But you cannot convert from the gibberish back to the password.

  }

  @Test
  fun testNoUncompress() {
    val response = response("https://httpbin.org/brotli", "XXXX".encodeUtf8())

    val same = brotliInterceptor.decompress(response)

    val responseString = same.body.string()
    assertThat(responseString).isEqualTo("XXXX")
  }

  @Test
  fun testFailsUncompress() {
    val response =

You can define Header parameters the same way you define `Query`, `Path` and `Cookie` parameters.

## Import `Header` { #import-header }

First import `Header`:

{* ../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py hl[3] *}

## Declare `Header` parameters { #declare-header-parameters }

Then declare the header parameters using the same structure as with `Path`, `Query` and `Cookie`.

* There can be **multiple processes** of the **same program** running at the same time.

If you check out the "task manager" or "system monitor" (or similar tools) in your operating system, you will be able to see many of those processes running.

///

### Pydantic v1 and v2 on the same app { #pydantic-v1-and-v2-on-the-same-app }

It's **not supported** by Pydantic to have a model of Pydantic v2 with its own fields defined as Pydantic v1 models or vice versa.

```mermaid
graph TB
    subgraph "❌ Not Supported"

"Hashing" means converting some content (a password in this case) into a sequence of bytes (just a string) that looks like gibberish.

Whenever you pass exactly the same content (exactly the same password) you get exactly the same gibberish.

But you cannot convert from the gibberish back to the password.

### Why use password hashing { #why-use-password-hashing }

# Request Forms and Files { #request-forms-and-files }

You can define files and form fields at the same time using `File` and `Form`.

/// info

To receive uploaded files and/or form data, first install <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>.

Make sure you create a [virtual environment](../virtual-environments.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, activate it, and then install it, for example: