assertEquals("DFS resolution failed", ex.getMessage());
        verify(handle, times(1)).ensureDFSResolved();
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 1, -1, Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE })
    @DisplayName("hasCapability(cap): returns configured value and captures argument across edge caps")
    void hasCapability_variousCaps_returnsTrue_andCapturesArgument(int cap) throws Exception {

    assertEquals(3327428144502L, BloomFilter.optimalNumOfBits(Integer.MAX_VALUE, Double.MIN_VALUE));
    IllegalArgumentException expected =
        assertThrows(
            IllegalArgumentException.class,
            () -> {
              BloomFilter<String> unused =
                  BloomFilter.create(HashTestUtils.BAD_FUNNEL, Integer.MAX_VALUE, Double.MIN_VALUE);
            });
    assertThat(expected)
        .hasMessageThat()

                Arguments.of((LongGetter) FileEntry::lastAccess, 0L, "zero lastAccess"),
                Arguments.of((LongGetter) FileEntry::lastAccess, Long.MIN_VALUE, "min lastAccess"),

                Arguments.of((LongGetter) FileEntry::length, -100L, "negative length"),
                Arguments.of((LongGetter) FileEntry::length, 0L, "zero length"),

  public static final class ImmutableLongArrayHeadSubListAsListGenerator
      extends TestLongListGenerator {
    @Override
    protected List<Long> create(Long[] elements) {
      Long[] suffix = {Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE};
      Long[] all = concat(elements, suffix);
      return makeArray(all).subArray(0, elements.length).asList();
    }
  }

  @J2ktIncompatible
  @GwtIncompatible // used only from suite

     */
    public static void validateIntegerAddition(int a, int b, String operation) {
        long result = (long) a + (long) b;
        if (result > Integer.MAX_VALUE || result < Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
            throw new ArithmeticException(operation + " would cause integer overflow: " + a + " + " + b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Validates integer multiplication for safe arithmetic
     *

   *     {@link Character#MAX_VALUE} if it is too large, or {@link Character#MIN_VALUE} if it is too
   *     small
   */
  public static char saturatedCast(long value) {
    if (value > Character.MAX_VALUE) {
      return Character.MAX_VALUE;
    }
    if (value < Character.MIN_VALUE) {
      return Character.MIN_VALUE;
    }
    return (char) value;
  }

  /**

  private static final short[] EMPTY = {};
  private static final short[] ARRAY1 = {(short) 1};
  private static final short[] ARRAY234 = {(short) 2, (short) 3, (short) 4};

  private static final short LEAST = Short.MIN_VALUE;
  private static final short GREATEST = Short.MAX_VALUE;

  private static final short[] VALUES = {LEAST, (short) -1, (short) 0, (short) 1, GREATEST};

  // We need to test that our method behaves like the JDK method.

  private static final BigDecimal MIN_INT_AS_BIG_DECIMAL = BigDecimal.valueOf(Integer.MIN_VALUE);

  private static final BigDecimal MAX_LONG_AS_BIG_DECIMAL = BigDecimal.valueOf(Long.MAX_VALUE);
  private static final BigDecimal MIN_LONG_AS_BIG_DECIMAL = BigDecimal.valueOf(Long.MIN_VALUE);

  public void testConstantsMaxFactorial() {

     */
    public int safeAdd(int a, int b) throws SmbException {
        totalValidations.incrementAndGet();

        long result = (long) a + (long) b;
        if (result > Integer.MAX_VALUE || result < Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
            failedValidations.incrementAndGet();
            integerOverflowsPrevented.incrementAndGet();
            log.warn("Integer overflow in addition: {} + {} = {}", a, b, result);

        // Valid inputs: each known code must map to its documented message
        assertEquals(expectedMessage, lookupMessage(code).orElse(null));
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(ints = { -1, Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer.MAX_VALUE })
    @DisplayName("Unknown codes: lookup returns empty Optional")
    void lookup_returns_empty_for_unknown_codes(int unknownCode) {
        // Invalid inputs: codes not present should yield no message