By default, **FastAPI** will return JSON responses.

You can override it by returning a `Response` directly as seen in [Return a Response directly](response-directly.md).

To achieve that, import `JSONResponse`, and return your content there directly, setting the `status_code` that you want:

{* ../../docs_src/additional_status_codes/tutorial001_an_py310.py hl[4,25] *}

/// warning

When you return a `Response` directly, like in the example above, it will be returned directly.

It won't be serialized with a model, etc.

	"go/ast"
	"reflect"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"gorm.io/gorm/utils"
)

func AssertObjEqual(t *testing.T, r, e interface{}, names ...string) {
	for _, name := range names {
		rv := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(r))
		ev := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(e))
		if rv.IsValid() != ev.IsValid() {
			t.Errorf("%v: expect: %+v, got %+v", utils.FileWithLineNum(), r, e)
			return
		}
		got := rv.FieldByName(name).Interface()

You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency to be of type `Request` and then you can access the raw request object directly, without any validation, etc.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs about using Request directly](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/using-request-directly/)

You can import it directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import Request
```

/// tip

You can also declare the `Response` parameter in dependencies, and set headers (and cookies) in them.

## Return a `Response` directly { #return-a-response-directly }

You can also add headers when you return a `Response` directly.

Create a response as described in [Return a Response Directly](response-directly.md) and pass the headers as an additional parameter:

{* ../../docs_src/response_headers/tutorial001_py310.py hl[10:12] *}

You can also use it directly to create an instance of it and return it from your *path operations*.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs about returning a custom Response](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/response-directly/#returning-a-custom-response)

You can import it directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import Response
```

            * **FastAPI** adds a reference here to the global JSON Schemas in another place in your OpenAPI instead of including it directly. This way, other applications and clients can use those JSON Schemas directly, provide better code generation tools, etc.

///

The generated responses in the OpenAPI for this *path operation* will be:

```JSON hl_lines="3-12"
{
    "responses": {

go 1.21

toolchain go1.24.8

require (
	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5
	github.com/pkg/xattr v0.4.9
)

require (
	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.15 // indirect
	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.4 // indirect
	golang.org/x/sys v0.15.0 // indirect

package p

import "indirect"

var in = []algo{
	{indirect.F},

module gorm.io/gorm

go 1.18

require (
	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0
	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5
	golang.org/x/text v0.20.0
)

require (
	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.22 // indirect
	gorm.io/driver/sqlite v1.6.0 // indirect