pacString.check(testString);
        }, "A PACDecodingException should be thrown for a non-empty string with a zero pointer.");

        // Verify the exception message
        assertEquals("Non-empty string", exception.getMessage(), "The exception message is not correct.");
    }

    /**

     *            empty.
     * @param pluginArtifactId The artifact id of the plugin whose configuration should be used, must not be
     *            {@code null} or empty.
     * @param pluginExecutionId The id of a plugin execution whose configuration should be used, may be {@code null} or
     *            empty to use the general plugin configuration.

  }

  public void testConcat() {
    assertThat(Ints.concat()).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Ints.concat(EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Ints.concat(EMPTY, EMPTY, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(EMPTY);
    assertThat(Ints.concat(ARRAY1)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Ints.concat(ARRAY1)).isNotSameInstanceAs(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Ints.concat(EMPTY, ARRAY1, EMPTY)).isEqualTo(ARRAY1);
    assertThat(Ints.concat(ARRAY1, ARRAY1, ARRAY1))

            credentials = new NTCredentials(username, password == null ? StringUtil.EMPTY : password,
                    workstation == null ? StringUtil.EMPTY : workstation, domain == null ? StringUtil.EMPTY : domain);
        } else {
            credentials = new UsernamePasswordCredentials(username, password == null ? StringUtil.EMPTY : password);
        }
        return credentials;
    }

     * @param dataMap additional data map (not currently used)
     * @return the normalized title, or empty string if title is null
     */
    public String getTitle(final ResponseData responseData, final String title, final Map<String, Object> dataMap) {
        if (title == null) {
            return StringUtil.EMPTY; // empty
        }

        final int[] spaceChars = getSpaceChars();

   */
  @Nullable Range<C> rangeContaining(C value);

  /**
   * Returns {@code true} if there exists a non-empty range enclosed by both a member range in this
   * range set and the specified range. This is equivalent to calling {@code
   * subRangeSet(otherRange)} and testing whether the resulting range set is non-empty.
   *
   * @since 20.0
   */
  boolean intersects(Range<C> otherRange);

  /**

        }
        return Optional.empty();
    }

    @Override
    @Nonnull
    public Optional<String> modelVersion() {
        if (commandLine.hasOption(CLIManager.MODEL_VERSION)) {
            return Optional.of(commandLine.getOptionValue(CLIManager.MODEL_VERSION));
        }
        return Optional.empty();
    }

    @Override
    @Nonnull

     *
     * @param id the unique identifier of the data configuration
     * @return an OptionalEntity containing the DataConfig if found, empty otherwise
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if id is null or empty
     */
    public OptionalEntity<DataConfig> getDataConfig(final String id) {
        return dataConfigBhv.selectByPK(id);
    }

    /**

     *
     * @param date the date to format
     * @return formatted date string, or empty string if date is null
     */
    public static String formatDate(final Date date) {
        if (date == null) {
            return StringUtil.EMPTY;
        }
        final SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(Constants.ISO_DATETIME_FORMAT);

                  @Override
                  protected Set<String> create(String[] elements) {
                    return union(emptySet(), emptySet());
                  }
                })
            .named("empty U empty")
            .withFeatures(CollectionSize.ZERO, CollectionFeature.ALLOWS_NULL_VALUES)
            .createTestSuite());

    suite.addTest(
        SetTestSuiteBuilder.using(